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YALE  ORIENTAL  SERIES 

BABYLONIAN  TEXTS 

Volume  II 


PUBLISHED  ON  THE  FOUNDATION 
ESTABLISHED  IN  MEMORY  OF 
ALEXANDER  KOHUT 


YALE  ORIENTAL  SERIES.  BABYLONIAN  TEXTS  Vol.  II 


Early  Babylonian  Letters 

from 

LARS  A 


HENRY  FREDERICK  LUTZ,  Ph.D. 


NEW  HAVEN:  YALE  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 
LONDON:  HUMPHREY  MILFORD 
OXFORD  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 
MDCCCCXVI I 


Copyright,  1917,  by 
Yale  University  Press 


Published,  August,  1917 


THE  ALEXANDER  KOHUT  MEMORIAL 
PUBLICATION  FUND. 


The  present  volume  is  the  first  work  published  by  the  Yale  University  Press 
on  the  Alexander  Kohut  Memorial  Publication  Fund.  This  Foundation  was  estab- 
lished October  13,  1915,  by  a gift  to  Yale  University  from  members  of  his  family 
for  the  purpose  of  enabling  scholars  to  publish  texts  and  monographs  in  the  Semitic 
field  of  research. 

The  Reverend  Alexander  Kohut,  Ph.D.  (Leipzig),  a distinguished  Oriental 
scholar,  in  whose  memory  the  Fund  has  been  established,  was  born  in  Hungary, 
April  22,  1842,  of  a noted  family  of  rabbis.  When  pastor  of  the  Congregation 
Ahavath  Chesed  in  New  York  City,  he  became  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Jewish 
Theological  Seminary,  and  was  a professor  in  that  institution  until  his  death.  He 
was  a noted  pulpit  orator,  able  to  discourse  with  equal  mastery  in  three  languages. 
Among  his  contributions  to  Semitic  learning  is  the  monumental  work  Aruch  Com- 
pletum,  an  encyclopaedic  dictionary  of  the  Talmud,  in  eight  volumes.  Semitic  and 
Oriental  scholars  have  honored  his  memory  by  inscribing  to  him  a volume  of  Semitic 
Studies  (Berlin,  1897). 


To  My  Teacher 


PROFESSOR  A.  T.  CLAY,  Ph.D.,  LL.D. 

IN 

Deep  Gratitude 
This  Volume  is  Dedicated 


PREFACE. 


In  the  summer  of  1914  the  Curator  of  the  Babylonian  Collection  of  Yale 
University,  Professor  A.  T.  Clay,  assigned  to  me  the  work  of  publishing  letters 
belonging  to  the  First  Dynasty  of  Babylon.  The  original  plan  was  that  the  work 
should  not  stop  by  merely  editing  the  texts,  but  that  with  the  text-edition  there 
should  go  hand  in  hand  the  transliteration  and  translation  of  each  autographed  letter. 
My  departure  from  New  Haven  since  then,  however,  has  interfered  with  the  original 
plan.  As  the  tablets  which  engage  me  at  present  at  the  Pennsylvania  University 
Museum  are  of  the  same  general  order,  i.  e.,  epistolary  literature,  I hope  that 
time  will  permit  me  in  a not  too  distant  future  to  give  full  transliterations  and 
translations  of  all  the  Yale  letters  here  published. 

My  thanks  are  due  to  Professor  A.  T.  Clay  for  his  kind  assistance  and  his 
valuable  suggestions  during  the  preparation  of  this  volume;  and  it  affords  me  the 
highest  pleasure,  as  an  expression  of  appreciation  and  gratitude,  to  dedicate  this 
volume  to  him. 


Henry  Frederick  Lutz 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Page 

Introduction 1 

Transliterations  and  Translations 7 

I.  A letter  containing  an  order  for  seed  and  grain  (Text  No.  143) 7 

II.  A request  to  abstain  from  giving  occasion  for  legal  proceedings  until 

the  arrival  of  the  writer  (No.  7) 7 

III.  The  writer  announces  that  he  has  taken  notice  of  the  content  of  a 

letter  written  to  him,  and  he  makes  a request  for  flour,  garments 
and  oil  (No.  106) 8 

IV.  The  letter  communicates  that  the  writer  has  become  involved  in  a 

law-suit.  He  requests  the  addressees  not  to  start  on  a journey  that 

year  (No.  134) 9 

V.  An  order  for  reed-baskets  (No.  121) 9 

VI.  A letter  concerning  the  distribution  of  profit-shares  (No.  92) 10 

VII.  An  order  to  purchase  three  slaves  for  the  writer  (No.  124) 11 

VIII.  Concerning  a cargo  of  sand  (No.  22) 11 

IX.  A letter  transmitting  the  decision  of  the  court  at  Babylon  in  matters 

referring  to  a dowry  (No.  25) 12 

X.  A reply,  in  which  the  writer  expresses  his  willingness  to  redeem  a 

ship  (No.  139) 12 

XI.  An  order  for  ships  and  sailors  (No.  36) 13 

XII.  Concerning  the  adoption  of  a youth,  who  had  been  disinherited  and 

had  deserted  his  parental  home  (No.  50) 13 

XIII.  A statement  in  reference  to  different  sales  of  grain  (No.  110) 14 

XIV.  A grain-order  for  troops  (No.  8) 15 

XV.  An  order  for  wool  (No.  102) 15 

XVI.  A letter  containing  a request  to  take  care  of  a cargo  of  grain,  which 

will  soon  arrive  (No.  3) 15 

XVII.  Concerns  the  payment  of  money  (No.  12) 16 

XVIII.  Concerns  the  purchase  of  a slave-maid  (No.  149) 16 

XIX.  A report  of  the  weight  of  certain  grain  (No.  94) 17 

(xi) 


CONTENTS 


xii 

Page 

XX.  An  order  for  the  sale  of  grain  (No.  13) 18 

XXI.  A request  to  act  as  a caravan-leader  (No.  10) 18 

XXII.  A request  for  the  immediate  removal  of  oxen  and  sheep  (No.  83) ....  19 

XXIII.  An  inquiry  concerning  sheep  which  had  been  ordered  away  from  a 

certain  field  by  the  governor  of  the  canal-zone  (No.  114) 19 

XXIV.  A plaintiff’s  statement  to  the  judge  that  the  defendant  has  entirely 

complied  with  his  demands  (No.  6) 20 

XXV.  A request  to  send  a young  man  (No.  87) 21 

XXVI.  An  assurance  that  the  addressee  shall  not  suffer  loss  on  account  of 

disputed  grain  (No.  70) 21 

XXVII.  A request  to  send  a bronze  pot  (No.  81) 22 

XXVIII.  Contains  an  appeal  to  good  sisterly  relations,  a complaint  for  not 
having  granted  a reduction  in  price,  a reminder  of  unfulfilled 
promises,  a willingness  on  the  part  of  the  writer  to  furnish  a cer- 
tain thing,  and  an  announcement  that  he  despatches  some  one  to 

get  drink  and  food  (No.  15) 22 

XXIX.  A request  to  return  a run-away  messenger  and  his  brother  to  the 

writer  (No.  62) 23 

XXX.  Contains  a demand  for  the  restitution  of  a stone  tablet,  an  announce- 
ment of  a retaliatory  measure,  and  an  inquiry  into  a certain  action 

of  the  addressee  (No.  63) 24 

XXXI.  A letter  informing  the  addressee  what  he  is  to  reply  to  another  man’s 
inquiry  concerning  a present.  The  second  part  of  the  letter 
entreats  the  recipient  to  give  special  attention  to  a person  who 

has  set  his  mind  on  something  that  is  not  proper  (No.  1) 25 

XXXII.  Concerning  a wedding-gift  and  a present  for  the  parental  home 

(No.  45) 27 

XXXIII.  A royal  request  that  the  moon-god  shall  be  taken  away  from  a city, 

and  that,  moreover,  a war  prisoner  shall  be  redeemed  (No.  32) . . 27 

Name-Lists 29 

A.  Personal  names 29 

B.  List  of  countries,  cities,  villages,  walls,  rivers,  canals 34 

C.  Names  of  gods 35 

List  of  Letters 38 


Autographed  texts 

Halftone  reproductions 


Plates  I to  LV 

Plates  LVI  and  LVII 


EARLY  BABYLONIAN  LETTERS 
FROM  LARSA 


INTRODUCTION. 


The  present  volume  contains  one  hundred  and  fifty-two  official  and  private 
letters  found  in  the  Babylonian  Collection  of  Yale  University.  These  letters,  without 
exception,  were  written  in  the  classical  age  of  Babylonian  history  (ca.  2000  B.  C.). 
Most  of  the  tablets,  from  which  the  copies  were  made,  are  unbaked  and  a large 
number  are  in  rather  a poor  state  of  preservation.  Various  reasons  may  be  assigned 
for  this  condition,  among  which  is  the  fact  that  many  of  the  letters  are  probably 
the  first  drafts,  which  were  preserved  as  copies  for  filing  purposes.  Another  reason 
for  their  poor  preservation  will  be  found  in  the  transient  value  of  letters  in  general. 
In  most  cases  after  a letter  had  been  read  by  the  recipient,  it  had  accomplished  its 
mission,  and  little  further  interest  was  attached  to  it;  hence  was  thrown  away. 
Only  in  those  few  cases  where  the  sender  expressly  notified  the  receiver  tup-pi  HI, 
i.  e.  “keep  my  letter,”  or  as  possible  evidence,  was  a letter  preserved. 

Practically  all  these  letters  come  from  the  mounds  at  Senkereh,  which  repre- 
sents the  site  of  the  ancient  city  of  Larsa  (Ellasar  of  Gen.  14:1).  This  is  borne  out 
by  the  fact  that  most  of  them  were  acquired  by  the  Yale  Collection  together  with 
a large  number  of  business  and  legal  contracts,  which  bear  Larsa  dates.  A few 
tablets  were  added  later  to  the  Collection,  while  the  writer  was  engaged  in  copying 
and  studying  the  material.  The  provenance  of  them  could  not  be  ascertained  from 
the  dealers. 

In  a few  cases  internal  evidence  corroborates  the  above,  that  the  provenance 
is  Senkereh.  No.  94:6  betrays  its  place  of  origin  by  the  date:  SA  MU  E diDgirIM  SA 
LTD.UNUkl  BA-DU,  “The  year  in  which  the  temple  of  Adad  was  built  in  Larsa.”1 
The  writer  of  Letter  No.  49,  as  well  as  of  No.  110,  is  obviously  identical  with  the  one 
of  Letter  No.  94,  as  all  three  letters  are  addressed  ana  belia,  “to  my  lord,”  for  whom 
Sili-Shamash,  the  writer,  discharges  in  every  instance  affairs  concerning  business  in 
grain.  The  writer’s  identity  in  this  case  would  point  to  Larsa  also  in  regard  to  Nos. 
49  and  110.  The  evidence  in  case  of  Letter  No.  143  is  plain.  The  writer,  here,  informs 
his  addressees,  who  live  in  Tubliash,  that  Larsaki  lu(m ) salim,  “Larsa  indeed  is  well.” 

1 Dr.  Grice  of  the  Yale  Babylonian  Seminar,  who  is  studying  documents  from  Larsa, 
informs  me  that  this  date  belongs  to  the  reign  of  Rim-Sin. 


2 


YALE  ORIENTAL  SERIES,  BABYLONIAN  TEXTS 


These  letters  are  apparently  such  duplicates  of  letters,  referred  to  above,  which  had 
been  preserved  in  the  archives  at  Larsa  for  reference.  If  Prof.  Ungnad’s  conjecture 
is  right  that  Emutbalum  is  probably  “Gesammtbezeichnung  des  Besitzstandes  von 
Larsa;”  then  also  Letter  No.  134  bears  the  mark  of  coming  from  Larsa.  “ Matum ” 
in  line  9 is  later  on  in  the  letter  named  “ Iamutbalum .”  The  situation  pictured  in  the 
letter  seems  to  be  the  following.  The  writer  had  made  a journey  to  Iamutbalum 
and  while  there,  he  became  involved  in  a law-suit.  This  suit  was  obviously  a case 
of  “an  individual  versus  the  state.”  This  is  clear  from  the  verb  which  is  employed: 
“matum  dububcit .”  This  condition  causes  the  writer  to  admonish  the  addressees 
not  to  follow  him  thither,  as  had  been  prearranged,  but  to  remain  at  home. 

Letter  No.  6 is  an  original,  which  was  sent  to  Larsa.  The  addressee  is  Sin- 
idinnam,  who  doubtless  is  to  be  identified  with  the  “great  and  loyal  feudatory”  of 
Hammurabi.  The  reason  for  ascribing  this  letter  to  the  archives  of  the  well-known 
governor  of  Larsa  is  the  fact  that  Sin-idinnam  is  asked  to  render  a verdict  in  a pend- 
ing law-suit.  Sin-idinnam  thus  is  asked  in  the  letter  to  act  as  judge,  in  which 
capacity  he  frequently  acted.2 

Letter  No.  82  would  also  bear  evidence  of  coming  from  Larsa,  if  the  writer,  who 
addresses  his  letter  ana  belia,  “to  my  lord,”  is,  again,  the  governor  Sin-idinnam. 
In  that  case  “my  lord”  would  be  Hammurabi  himself.  It  should  be  stated,  how- 
ever, that  while  ana  belia  is  a form  of  address  of  royalty  at  this  period  as  well  as  of 
later  periods,  most  letters  with  such  an  address  are  sent  by  servants  to  their  masters, 
subalterns  to  higher  officials,  or  by  women  to  their  husbands.3  The  phrase  occurring 
in  lines  22  and  23  of  this  letter:  hi-tu-um  a-na  pa-ni  be-li  u-ul  i-pa-ri-ik,  i.  e.,  “crime 
against  my  lord  has  not  been  committed”  ( i-pa-ri-ik , a defective  niphal  for  ipparik), 
strengthens  the  supposition  that  the  writer  is  to  be  identified  with  the  governor,  who 
again  functioned  as  judge. 

The  occurrence,  also,  of  the  name  Balmunamhe,  written  also  Balmenamhi, 
Udbalnamhe  and  in  the  diminutive  form,  Bala,  in  Letters  No.  7,  13,  77  and  96,  is 
another  indication  that  the  material  came  from  Larsa.  This  name  is  found  very 
frequently  on  business  documents  in  the  Yale  Collection,  whose  provenance  is 
Larsa. 

While  the  cases  are  few  which  corroborate  the  external  evidence  of  Larsa  as 
the  place  of  discovery,  there  is,  on  the  other  hand,  not  the  least  evidence  to  show 
that  the  letters  came  from  any  other  site. 

2 See  King,  Letters  and  Inscriptions  of  Hammurabi,  pi.  18,  No.  11;  pi.  32,  No.  19. 

3 See  Ungnad,  Babylonian  Letters  of  the  Hammurabi  Period,  UMBS,  Vol.  VII,  Introduc- 
tion, p.  10. 


H.  F.  LUTZ— EARLY  BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  FROM  LARSA  3 


In  only  a few  cases  can  the  reign  to  which  these  letters  belong  be  determined. 
This  is  due  to  the  fact  that  few  names  of  this  period  from  dated  documents,  from 
this  section  of  the  country,  have  been  published.  Even  if  we  had  long  lists  of  names 
it  would  still  remain  a difficult  task  to  ascertain  the  dates,  as  family  names  are  very 
seldom  given  in  letters.  In  a few  cases  only  can  the  use  of  old  signs  be  employed 
as  a criterion  to  determine  the  reign,  for  as  Ungnad  has  correctly  observed,  “we  will 
find  young  and  old  forms  of  signs  even  in  the  same  letter,  which  fact  clearly  shows, 
that  the  old  forms  are  merely  artificial  ones.”4  As  stated  above  No.  94  is  dated 
in  the  reign  of  Rim-Sin.  Letters  Nos.  6,  19,  32  and  82  can  be  fixed  as  belonging  to 
the  reign  of  Hammurabi.  Nos.  6 and  82  are  letters,  the  former  addressed  to,  the 
latter  sent  by  Sin-idinnam,  as  stated  above.  Letter  No.  19  mentions  both  Ham- 
murabi and  Sin-idinnam,  while  No.  32  is  a letter  of  the  king.  Outside  of  these,  no 
attempt  is  made  to  indicate  the  probable  reign  of  the  tablets,  as  such  an  endeavor 
would  be  too  precarious. 

Most  of  the  present  letters  refer  to  business  matters,  and  seem  to  have  belonged 
to  the  archives  of  the  temple.  Letters  of  administrative,  judicial,  military  and 
purely  private  or  social  content,  are  less  frequent  among  them. 

The  contents  of  the  letters  in  only  a small  number  of  cases  add  anything  new 
to  the  already  furnished  data  of  the  legal  and  business  contracts.  In  many  cases 
their  contents  are  even  uninteresting.  To  use  Otto  Weber’s  expression5  in  some- 
what different  meaning,  the  Babylonian  letters  are  “Kraut-  und  Ruebenbriefe.” 
But  we  should  expect  no  more  from  the  antique  than  from  the  modern  letter.  Both 
are  due  to  the  necessity  of  the  moment  and  their  interest  generally  is  but  for  the 
moment.  They  do  not  belong  to  the  realm  of  belles-lettres,  but  nevertheless,  for 
purely  linguistic  purposes,  no  one  would  dispense  with  this  field  of  “literature.” 

The  following  is  a list  of  letters  which  have  come  from  the  same  writer, 
addressed  to  one  and  the  same  addressee. 


Nabi-’Shamash nMarduk-nasir,  Nos.  11;  14;  125;  127  and  144. 

''Anu-mubalit Ea-sulul-su,  Nos.  18  and  60. 

Idin-Urra Sin-magir,  Nos.  116;  121  and  128. 

Sin-iqisham Nur-nAdad,  Nos.  23;  56and91(?). 

Belia Sili-'Shamash,  Nos.  49;  94  and  110. 

Dada  u ’‘Sin-uzili ....  Sheib-'Sin,  Nos.  112  and  134. 

Belshunu AShamash-hasir,  Nos.  20;  28;  51;  58;  85;  99;  103;  137; 

142. 


4 Ungnad,  ibidem,  Introduction,  p.  10. 

5 Literatur  der  Babylonier  und  Assyrer,  p.  264. 


4 


YALE  ORIENTAL  SERIES,  BABYLONIAN  TEXTS 


The  addressee  of  Letter  No.  97,  who  is  here  named  sabirini,  "our  governor,”  and  who 
receives  that  letter  from  Sin-shamuh  and  others,  is  perhaps  the  writer  of  the  letter 
No.  92,  namely,  Gimillum,  who  on  his  part  addressed  his  letter  to  Sin-Samuh, 
ilAdad-sarrum,  Sunatum,  Sili-'lI)amkina  u madutim .6 

Interesting  among  the  present  material  is  No.  131,  as  it  is  the  only  letter  of 
the  lot  that  has  a seal-impression  on  the  tablet  itself.  In  this  tablet  is  also  found 
the  only  case  where  the  names  of  witnesses  are  recorded.  No.  130,  although  no 
letter,  has  been  added  for  the  sake  of  convenience.  The  envelopes  of  only  three 
letters  are  preserved,  No.  15,  147,  and  YBC  6826.  The  envelope  of  No.  147  has 
a splendid  seal-impression  (see  Plate  LVI).  No.  6826  (see  Plate  LVI)  for  the  present, 
remains  unopened,  this  being  a beautiful  example  of  a sealed  letter. 

Attention  should  be  called  to  the  writing  in  Letter  No.  1 of  the  name  of  the 
goddess  "Il-Ishtar,  perhaps  to  be  read  "Il-Ashirta  or  ‘'Il-Ashratu.  As  the  writing 
occurs  twice  in  line  5,  as  well  as  in  line  37,  there  remains  no  doubt  that  it  is  another 
example  of  the  West-Semitic  custom  of  actually  pronouncing  bs  “god”  as  a prefix 

to  the  names  of  deities,7  like  El-Shaddai  (HIP  bsj,  El-Elyon  (jV>^  *>«),  i]Ilu-we-ir 
’AXcupos),  ‘‘Il-Hallabu,  °I1-Kanshan,  "Il-Tammesh  and  '‘Il-Tehri.  The 
reading  of  the  first  Dingir  sign  in  this  letter  for  Arm  or  El  is  excluded  here, 
although  in  the  oath-formulas  of  business  and  legal  documents  it  is  often  to  be  read 
thus.  The  position  of  Shamash  in  this  case  as  third  god  in  the  formula  of  greeting 
already  excludes  the  reading:  Anu  ilIshtar  ilShamash,  etc.,  since  it  is  the  established 
custom  in  letters  to  name  Shamash  first  except,  however,  when  the  city  god  of  the 
writer  is  introduced  in  the  greeting.  This  city  god  takes  first  place  and  Shamash 
follows,  but  Shamash  never  takes  the  third  place. 

In  the  forthcoming  third  part  of  Vol.  XI  of  UMBS,  the  double  determinative 
for  god  is  also  found  in  a school  exercise  recording  two  names.  While  No.  46  reads: 
lu-dingirNisaba,  there  occurs  in  No.  47  the  reading:  lu-dineiTDingir-Nisaba.  This 
school  tablet  clearly  differentiates  between  both  divine  elements.  As  the  tablet 
elongs  to  a series  which  records  Sumerian  names  it  gives  the  first  impression  that 
No.  47  contains  the  dual  form,  in  consideration  of  the  gloss  in  jCT  XXV,  pi.  6,  line 
25  and  the  fact  that  there  were  actually  two  Nisabas,  or  at  least  two  manifestations 
of  that  goddess.  But  it  seems  to  the  writer  merely  accidental  that  in  this  particular 
case  such  an  explanation  might  be  given  by  some  scholar.  It  is  exceedingly  more 

6 That  madutim  in  this  connection  (79:1;  92:5;  96:4;  97:3)  is  no  personal  name,  but  has 
the  meaning  of  “and  others,”  is  assured  by  its  position,  i.  e.,  it  always  stands  at  the  end  of 
the  list  of  names. 

7 See  Clay,  Miscellaneous  Inscriptions , p.  98. 


H.  F.  LUTZ— EARLY  BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  FROM  LARSA  5 


probable  that  also  here  the  West-Semitic  custom  has  been  preserved,  and  that  in 
spite  of  the  fact  that  this  occurs  in  a series  of  school  texts  of  Sumerian  personal 
names.  The  teacher  while  writing  down  as  a model  the  name  Lu-di'wirNisaba,  by 
some  association  of  thoughts  becomes  aware  of  the  fact  that  this  name  has  a West 
Semitic  counterpart  and  put  it  down  in  writing,  though  not  phonetically.  No.  47, 
therefore,  is  to  be  read:  Amel-ilIl  plus  the  name  of  a West  Semitic  vegetation  god 
or  goddess;  if  not,  what  is  also  probable,  the  Sumerian  name  has  been  directly 
taken  over. 

Mention  may  be  made  here  also  of  the  discovery  of  the  name  Abraham  in  its 
full  form  in  cuneiform.  Professor  Ungnad  of  Jena  recently  found  Babylonian  forms 
of  the  name  Abram,  written  A-ba-ra-ma,  A-ba-am-ra-ma,  and  A-ba-am-ra-am ,8  which 
he  regarded  as  exact  reproductions  of  the  patriarch’s  name.  In  Letter  No.  15,  there 
occurs  for  the  first  time  the  fuller  form  of  the  name  written  A-ba-ra-ha-am.  In  dis- 
cussing the  question  whether  the  name  was  Babylonian  or  foreign,  Ungnad  called 
attention  to  the  second  element  rama  as  not  being  found  in  Babylonian  names;  and 
yet  he  offered  two  arguments  to  show  that  it  probably  was  Babylonian,  namely  the 
ending  am  in  abam,  and  the  fact  that  the  father  of  his  “Abram”  bears  a good  Baby- 
lonian name,  i.  e.,  Awil-Ishtar.  He  further  gave  the  probable  meaning  of  the  name 
to  be  “he  loves  the  father;”  the  second  element  being  derived  from  the  Babylonian 
verb  ramu  “to  love.”9 

The  writer  concurs  with  Ungnad  in  deriving  the  form  from  the  Semitic  stem 
ramu,  but  not  with  the  view  that  the  name  is  Babylonian.  In  the  latter  case  it  could 
hardly  be  translated  “he  loves  the  father.”  In  form,  the  second  element  resembles 
the  permansive,  which  is  not  found  among  the  forms  from  the  root  ramu  used  in 
native  Babylonian  names;  e.  g.,  iram  (preterite)  in  Sarru-napisti-iram,  Ninib-sa- 
kun-na-i-ra-viu,  or  ra’im  (participle)  in  Ra-im-kit-ti,  Sin-ra-im-zer,  etc.  The  fact 
is,  where  the  supposed  permansive  ram(a)  occurs,  the  names  are  generally  foreign, 
e.  g.,  Asur-kina-ra-am,  Sahamil-ra-ma,  etc.,  which  occur  in  the  Cappadocian  tablets, 
Ra-ma-ilu,  etc.,  which  is  West  Semitic.  The  use  of  the  mimmation  in  connection 
with  the  first  element  ending  in  the  vowel  a,  as  in  a-ba-am,  does  not  imply  that  it  is 
accusative,  but  that  the  scribe  heard  the  pronunciation  aba,  and  knew  that  this  was 
a complete  element.  As  regards  the  contention  that  the  name  is  Babylonian  because 
Abram’s  father’s  name  was  Awil-Ishtar,  we  need  only  refer  to  names  of  father  and 
son  in  the  Murashu  Documents.10  Here  we  find  that  Aq-bi-J a-a-ma  was  the  son 

8 V orderasiatische  Schriftdenkmaler,  Heft  VII,  92:6,  13;  198:12,  18. 

9 See  Sunday  School  Times,  January  22,  1910. 

10  See  Clay,  Business  Documents  of  the  Murashu  Sons,  UMBS,  Vol.  II. 


6 


YALE  ORIENTAL  SERIES,  BABYLONIAN  TEXTS 


of  Bau-etir  (89:3);  Ba-rik(rak)-ku-Ja-a-ma,  the  son  of  Bel-su-nu  (53:13);  Ma-at-ta- 
nu-nu-J a-a-ma,  the  son  of  Bel-uballit  (53:12);  Rab-bi-El,  the  son  of  N abu-zer-iddina 
(158:21,  22);  that  is,  we  find  here  sons  bearing  West  Semitic  names,  while  the 
fathers  have  Babylonian  names.  This  points  to  mixed  marriages,  or  it  shows  that 
the  Jews  in  Babylonia  had  actually  adopted  Babylonian  names;  and  later  their 
children  were  given  names  from  their  West  Semitic  home. 

It  was  possible,  as  long  as  the  newly  found  name  was  not  known,  to  maintain 
with  many  scholars  that  the  name  Abram  (D“iDK)  contains  the  element  D“i  “high” 
(compare,  e.  g.,  names  like  DVi^DK  “my  father  is  good,”  or  Nabu-na’id,  “Nebo  is 
exalted”).  Since  the  appearance,  however,  of  A-ba-ra-ha-am  this  explanation  must 
give  way  to  another. 

The  writer  maintains  that  D“DN,  A-ba-ra-ma,  A-ba-am-ra-ma,  A-ba-am-ra-am, 
and  the  newly  found  A-ba-ra-ha-am  stand  for  one  and  the  same  name.  It  is  further 
maintained  that  they  are  all  foreign  renderings  of  a West  Semitic  name  DmDK, 
which  means  “Ab  (or  the  father)  has  loved.”11  The  seemingly  Hebrew  D“iDK  is 
really  not  Hebrew  in  form,  but  is  rather  to  be  explained  as  a Babylonian  form  of 
DrnnK;  i.  e.,  the  West  Semitic  Dm  has  passed  into  the  Babylonian  rcimu.  West 
Semitic,  like  other  foreign  names,  were  written  generally  as  their  pronunciation 
was  heard  by  the  Babylonians.  The  natural  Babylonian  equivalent  of  Hebrew 
DrrDN,  would  be  a-ba-ra-am,  etc.,  yet  the  name  might  have  been  heard  as  pro- 
nounced with  the  stronger  guttural  n =h.  Again,  this  guttural  is  sometimes  found 
in  Babylonian  names  of  West  Semitic  origin  as  the  reproduction  of  the  much 
weaker  “;  see  the  examples  below.  At  all  events  the  scribe,  who  wrote  A-ba-ra- 
ha-am  reproduced  more  accurately  the  foreign  name,  A-ba-ra-ma , etc.,  being  Baby- 
lonian forms.  This  leaves  the  Old  Testament  name  Abraham  (written  with  ”) 
still  to  be  explained. 

It  might  be  argued  that  A-ba-ra-ha-am  is  the  Babylonian  equivalent  of  the 
Hebrew  DiTiDN,  as  in  not  a few  cases  West  Semitic  n is  represented  in  the  cuneiform 
writing  by  h;  e.  g.,  in'*  in  l'J a-a-hu-u-la-ki-im,  llJ a-hu-u-na-ta-nu;  Tin  in  Ri-ib-ha- 
ad-da;  DiT  in  iahabi;  m?K  in  ilahi,  etc.  But  not  a single  name  with  Dm  as  an  element 
in  all  the  tens  of  thousands  known  Semitic  names  has  been  found.  There  is  also 
no  West  Semitic  root  Dm.  The  reference  to  Arabic  rahavia  “to  sprinkle,  to  rain 
steadily,  to  be  numerous,”  is  too  precarious  to  be  considered. 

It  seems  to  the  writer  that  a reasonable  theory  of  the  origin  of  DiTiDN  is  that 
after  the  name  had  been  reintroduced  in  the  West  in  its  Babylonian  form,  the 

11  Compare  ^Dm"1  of  the  Old  Testament  written  Iepa^eaA  in  the  LXX. 


H.  F.  LUTZ— EARLY  BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  FROM  LARSA  7 


writing  of  it  was  then  subject  to  the  usual  variation  seen  in  foreign  names,  and  in 
consequence  it  was  rendered  in  more  than  one  way,  including  the  orthography  with 

n (compare  the  Aramaic  am  for  p*l;  and  rUD1’  for  pa1*  and  ntSH  for  pt^Vn  intheMesha 
Inscription).  Finally,  a narrator  or  redactor,  wishing  to  find  a prophetic  signifi- 
cance in  the  name,  introduced  the  far-fetched  play  on  words  (Genesis  17,  5),  giving 
the  QH  of  DiYON  a connection  with  the  word  pan  “multitude.” 


Translations  of  Selected  Texts. 

I.  (No.  143) 

A letter  containing  an  order  for  seed  and  grain. 


A-na  A-ri-um-wa-qar  u A-bil-lSamas 
qi-  hi-  ma 

um-ma  Ib-ku-sa-ma 

llSamas  u llTispak  as-su-mi-ia 
5 li-ba-al-li-tu-ku-nu-ti 
llTispak  it  Tupliaskl  sa-lim 
Larsakl  lu(m ) sa-lim 
ki-ma  ti-di-a-a 
i-na  Tupliaskl  alikl 
10  zi-ru-um  u se-um  i-ba-as-si 
sa  ll  siqlu  kaspim 
bi-ti  ka-ri 
su-ta-si-a-am-ma 
su-bi-la-nim 


To  Arium-waqar  and  Abil-Shamash, 
speak : 

Thus  says  Ibkusha: — 

May  Shamash  and  Tishpak  for  my  sake 
preserve  your  life! 

Tishpak  and  Tupliash  are  well. 

(May)  Larsa  indeed  be  well. 

There  is  seed  and  grain, 
as  you  know, 
in  Tupliash,  the  city. 

Take  out  from 
the  granary 

a I-3-  shekels  of  silver  worth, 
and  send  it. 


II.  (No.  7) 

A request  to  abstain  from  giving  occasion  for  legal  proceedings  until  the  arrival  of 

the  writer. 


A-na  Bal-a 
qi-  bi-  ma 

um-ma  Ku-ub-bu-ti-ia-ma 
llSamas  li-ba-al-li-tu-ka 
5 a-di  a-al-la-ka-ak-kum 


To  Bala, 

say  as  follows: — 

Thus  says  Kubbutia: 

May  Shamash  keep  thee  healthy! 
Until  I come  to  thee, 


8 


YALE  ORIENTAL  SERIES,  BABYLONIAN  TEXTS 


mTa-ri-ba-tum  do  not  give  Taribatum  an  occasion 

la  tu-da-ab-ba-a[b]  * for  legal  proceedings. 


III.  (No.  106) 

The  writer  announces  that  he  has  taken  notice  of  the  content  of  a letter  written  to 
him,  and  asks  that  flour,  garments  and  oil  be  sent  to  him. 

A-na  Si-zi-i  u At-ti-ia 


qi-  bi-  ma 

um-ma  Ibiq-nar-kim-hi-ma 
ilSamas  u ilM arduk  li-ba-al-li-tu-ku- 
nu-ti 

5 as-sum  um-ma  at-tu-nu-ma 
a-ha-ka  tu-ur-da-am-ma 
lu-ut-ta-si-ka 
a-wi-lum  u-nu-ut  ekallim 
u-ha-li-iq-ma 

10  1 siqlam  kaspirn  it-ti  sa-su-u 1 
il-qi-ma 

um-ma  a-na-ku-ma  a-pu-ul 
i-na  eqli(-li)-ia  se-um 
§a-tu  u-ul  i-ba-si 
15  60  qa  qemam  su-bi-lam 2 

su-ba-ti  sa  ma-ah-ri-ku-nu-ma 

e-ri-si-ia  a-ta-na-la-ak 


To  Sizi  and  Attia, 
speak : — 

Thus  says  Ibiq-nar-kimhi: 

May  Shamash  and  M arduk  preserve 
your  life! 

Concerning  that  which  you  wrote: 

“Send  for  thy  brother  so  that 
he  may  assist  thee,”  (and)  “a  man 
has  destroyed  the  vessels  of 
the  temple  and 
took  1 shekel  of  silver 
by  robbery.” 

I reply  as  follows:  I have  taken  notice. 

That  grain  is  not  in  my 

field. 

Send  me  60  qa  of  flour. 

(Regarding)  my  garments,  which  are 
with  you, 

I come  continually  with  my  request: 


* tudabbab  could  also  be  translated  “Do  not  sue.”  The  translation  above,  however,  is  to 
be  preferred,  cf.  German  Zur  Ivlage  veranlassen. 

1 liqu,  in  the  language  of  the  Code  of  Hammurabi,  is  construed  with  itti  of  the  person  of 
whom  something  is  taken,  e.  g.,  kaspam  itti  tamqarim  ilqi,  i.  e.,  “he  has  taken  money  from 
the  merchant.”  In  consideration  of  this  fact  one  is  tempted  to  translate  sasu  in  analogy  to 

the  meaning  which  the  Semitic  pi.  Cpw  has  received  in  Egyptian.  Here  we  meet  with 

the  interesting  fact,  that  the  Egyptian  (due  undoubtably  to  the  low  esteem  in  which  the 
Asiatics  were  held  by  them,  and  who  rendered  the  Semitic  loanword  by  sisw,)  gave  to  the 
word  the  meaning  of  “nomads,  beduins”  (see,  Mueller,  Aden  und  Europa,  p.  131).  While  the 
Babylonian  syntax  of  the  period  of  the  First  Dynasty  would  favor  a similar  translation,  it  is 
inconceivable,  but  not  entirely  improbable,  that  the  Babylonians  would  employ  the  word 
“plunderer,  robber”  as  a designation  of  the  desert-dwellers. 

2 Su-bi-la-nim  should  here  be  expected. 


H.  F.  LUTZ— EARLY  BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  FROM  LARSA  9 


lu-ba-ar-tam  is-ta-a-at 
su-bi-la-nim 

20  a-ah-ku-nu  e-[li]-ia  la  ta-na-di 
u-la-nu  ba-a-ba  a-ha-am 
i-su-u 

-e  qa  sarnnarn  su-bi-[la]-nwi 


Send  me 
one  robe! 

Do  not  be  negligent  toward  me! 
You  have  always 
another  excuse. 

Send  me  a half  of  a qa  of  oil. 


IV.  (No.  134) 

The  letter  communicates  that  the  writer  has  become  implicated  in  a court  pro- 
ceeding. He  requests  the  addressees  not  to  start  on  a journey  that  year. 

A-na  Da-da-a 


u uSin-it-zi-li 
qi-  bi-  ma 

um-ma  Se-ib-‘Sin-ma 
5 uSamas  it  ilEzinu 

as-sum-ia  li-ba-al-li-tu-ku-nu-ti 
is-tu  al-li-ka-am 
du-bu-ba-ku 

it  ma-tu-um  du-bu-ba-at 

10  sa-at-ta-am  la  ta-la-ka-ni 
u a-na  J a-mu-ut-ba-li 
la  tu-ra-da-ni 
a-di  a-sa-pa-ra-ku-nu-ti 
la  ta-la-ka-ni 

15  it  a-na  aliki  su-lim 
ta-a-ar-ta-am  ri-sa-a 
a-na  ki-zi-ku-nu  la  te-gi-a 
i-na  ga-ti-ku-nu 
kaspam  sight  la  te-zi-ba-ni 


To  Dada, 
and  Sin-uzili, 
speak  as  follows: — 

Thus  says  Seib-Sin: 

May  Shamash  and  Ezinu  for  my  sake 
keep  you  well ! 

Since  I have  gone, 

I am  engaged  in  a law-suit  and  the 
country  is  (likewise)  implicated  in  a legal 
proceeding. 

You  shall  not  go  this  year, 
nor  shall  you  journey 
to  Jamutbalum. 

Until  I write  to  you, 
you  shall  not  come. 

So  return  safely  (?) 
to  the  city. 

Do  not  be  neglectful  to  your  companion. 
Do  not  leave  the  one-sixth  of  a 
shekel  of  silver  in  your  hands. 


V.  (No.  121) 

An  order  for  reed-baskets. 

[A-n]a  I-din-Ur-ra 
qi-  bi-  ma 

um-ma  Sin-ma-gir-ma 


To  Idin-Urra 
speak  as  follows: — 
Thus  says  Sin-magir: 


10 


YALE  ORIENTAL  SERIES,  BABYLONIAN  TEXTS 


2 pisannu^un 
5 a-na  ilSamas-li-wi-ir 
i-di-in 


Give 

to  Shamash-liwir 
2 reed-baskets. 


VI.  (No.  92) 

A letter  concerning  the  distribution  of  profit-shares. 


A-na  Sin-sa-mu-uh 
ilAdad-sar-rum 
mSu-na-tum 
mSil  i-ilDam-ki-na 
5 u ma-du-tim 

qi-  hi-  ma 

um-ma  Gi-mil-lum 
ilSamas  l i-ba-al-li-it-ku-nu-ti 
ki-ma  ta-as-ta-na-am-[mi-e ] 

10  is-tu  u-rni  arhim  2kam 
sabeme's  a-hi-a-tim 
sa  i-ba-as-su-ii 
be-li  za-za-am  iq-bi-i-ma 
sabeme's  a-hi-a-tim  sa  i-ba-as-su-u 
15  i-na  ga-bi  be-li-ia 
as-su-uk-zu-nu-si-im 
as-su-mi-ku-nu 
be-li  za-za-am  iq-bi-a-am-ma 
a-na  be-li-ia  ki-a-am  aq-bi 
20  um-ma  a-na-ku-ma  sabeme's  a-hi-a-tim 
sa  i-ba-as-su-u  li-il-qu-u-ma 
LU  LIBITki  u-ul  a-na-di-is-su-nu-ti 
u LU  LIBITki  is-tu  ar-him  2kam 
u-sa-ab-ba-at-su-nu-ti 
25  a-li-a-nim-ma 

a-wa-ti-ku-nu  sa  na-si-a-tu-nu 
ma-har  ardemei  sarrim  su-uk-na 


To  Sin-shamuh, 

Adad-sarrum, 

Shunatum, 

Sili-Damkina, 
and  others, 
speak : — 

Thus  says  Gimillum: 

May  Shamash  preserve  your  life! 

As  you  have  heard, 
since  the  second  month 
my  master  has  told  me  to  distribute 
to  the  men  the  equal  shares  of  the 
profits  which  are  on  hand. 

So  I put  the  equal  shares  of  the 
profits  which  are  on  hand,  before  the 
men,  on  account  of  the  order  of  my  lord. 
On  account  of  you 
my  lord  has  told  me  to  divide  up. 

And  to  my  lord  I spoke  in  this  fashion : 
“Let  the  men  take  the  equal 
shares  of  the  profits  which  are  on  hand. 
But  the  men  of  the  brickyard,  I do 
not  give  them.”  So  I hold  the  brick- 
layers since  two  months. 

Come  up  and 

your  case,  which  you  have, 

establish  before  the  servants  of  the  king. 


H.  F.  LUTZ— EARLY  BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  FROM  LARS  A 11 


VII.  (No.  124) 

A request  to  buy  three  slaves  for  the  writer. 


A-na  A-hu-wa-qar 
qi-  bi-  ma 

uvi-ma  A-hu-ni-ma 
tup-pi  an-ni-a-am 
5 i-na  a-ma-ri-im 
a-nu-um-ma 
ilSamas-ilu 
a-na  si-ri-ka 
at-tar-dam 
10  1 ma-na  kaspim 
[ub-ba-la\-kum 
li-qi-e-ma 

sa  1 ma-na  kaspim 
1 SAG. WAR  AD 
15  2 SAG. GEM 
sa-ma-am-ma 
a-na  DUG .GARki 
a-na  si-ri-ia 
su-ri-a-am 
20  ab-bu-tum 


To  Ahu-waqar, 
speak : — 

Thus  says  Ahuni: 

When  thou  seest 
this  letter, 
then  I despatch 
Shamash-ilu 
unto 

thy  presence. 

Take  the 

one  mine  of  silver 

he  is  bringing  thee, 

and  for  the  one  mine  of  silver 

buy 

one  male  slave  and 

two  female  slaves, 

and  to  the  town  DUG. GAR, 

unto  me, 

cause  (them)  to  be  brought, 
please. 


VIII.  (No.  22) 
Concerning  a cargo  of  sand. 


A-na  Si-li- 

qi-  bi-  [ma] 

um-ma  Gi-m[il-lu\m-ma 
ku-nu-uk-ki-ia  an-ni-a-am 
5 i-na  a-ma-ri-ka 

1 elippi-ka  i-di-im-ma 
e-pi-ri  it-ti-su 
li-si-a-am 


To  Sili- , 

speak : — 

Thus  says  Gimillum: 
When  thou  seest 
my  sealed  letter 
give  one  of  thy  ships 
and  let  sand  be  brought 
in  it  unto  me. 


12  YALE  ORIENTAL  SERIES,  BABYLONIAN  TEXTS 

IX.  (No.  25) 

A letter  transmitting  the  decision  of  the  court  at  Babylon  in  matters  referring 

to  a dowry. 


A-na  Mu-ha-ad-du-um 
qi-  hi-  ma 

um-ma  daianeme's  Bdbiliki-ma 
ilSamas  u ilMarduk  li-ba-al-li-tu-ku- 
nu-ti 

5 as-sum  di-nim  sa  Ilu-su-i-bi-[su] 
u Ma-at-ta-tum 
a-wa-ti-su-nu  ni-mu-ur 
di-nam  ki-ma  si-im-da-at  be-li-ni 
nu-sa-hi-is-su-nu-ti-ma 
10  mi-im-ma  nu-du-un-na-a-am 
sci  Ma-at-ta-tum 
a-na  ma-ar-ti-sa  id-di-nu-ma 
[a-n}a  bit  Ilu-su-i-bi-su 
[u]-se-ri-b[u-si] 

15  a-na  Ma-at-ta-tum 
tu-ur-ram  ni-iq-bi 
redam  it-ti-sa  ni-it-tar-dam 
mi-im-ma  ba-al-ta-am  sa  i-na-an-na 
in-na-at-ta-lu 
a-na  Ma-at-ta-tum 
20  li-id-di-nu 


To  the  Muhaddu, 
speak : — 

Thus  say  the  judges  of  Babylon: 

May  Shamash  and  Marduk  preserve  your 
life! 

As  to  matters  pertaining  to  the  law- 
suit of  Ilusu-ibisu  and  Mattatum: 

We  have  examined  their  case. 

Judgment  according  to  the  law  of 
our  lord  we  have  rendered  them. 

The  entire  dowry, 
which  Mattatum 
gave  to  her  daughter, 
when  she  brought  her  to  the 
house  of  Ilushu-ibishu, 
we  have  said  must  revert 
to  Mattatum. 

We  despatch  a sheriff  to  her. 

Let  them  give 
unto  Mattatum 

everything  in  such  good  condition 
as  it  is  now  beheld. 


X.  (No.  139) 

A reply  in  which  the  writer  expresses  his  willingness  to  redeem  a ship. 


A-na  Da-an-ilu  u In-bi-Sin 
qi-  bi-  ma 

um-ma  Sa-ni-i-ma 
llSamas  u a Marduk  li-ba-al-ii-tu-ku- 
nu-ti 

5 as-sum  elippim  sa  ta-aq-bi-a-am 


To  Dan-ilu  and  Inbi-Sin, 
speak  as  follows: — 

Thus  says  Sani: 

May  Shamash  and  Marduk  keep  you 
well ! 

In  regard  to  the  ship  about  which 


H.  F.  LUTZ— EARLY  BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  FROM  LARSA  13 


elippam  a-na  be-li  ta-pa-ta-ar 

tup-pi  us-ta-bi-la-ak-kum 
me-hi-ir  tup-pi-ia  su-bi-lam-ma 
a-na  tu-ku-ul-ti-ka 
10  elippam  a-na  be-li-sa 
lu-  te-  ir 


thou  hast  spoken  to  me:  “Redeem  the 
ship  for  the  possessor,” 

I have  sent  unto  thee  my  letter. 

Send  me  an  answer  to  my  letter. 

In  your  trust 
I may  return  the  ship 
to  its  possessor. 


XI.  (No.  36) 

A letter  containing  a demand  for  ships  and  sailors. 


A-na  a-bi-ia 
qi-  bi-  rna 

um-ma  A-ba-a-ma 
lil]Samas  li-ba-al-li-it-ka 
5 a-nu-um-ma  mI-din-EN  .MUN 
at-tar-da-ak-kum 
i?elippe  mei20  gur 
ga-du  ra-ka-bi- 

si-na 

10  na-tu-ti 
a-na  si-ri-ia 
su-ra-am 


To  my  father, 
speak : — 

Thus  says  Aba: 

May  Shamash  keep  thee  healthy! 
I,  now,  despatch 
Idin-ENMUN  unto  thee. 

Cause  to  bring  unto  me  ships 

of  20  kors  tonnage 

with 

their 

able 

crews. 


XII.  (No.  50) 

Concerning  the  adoption  of  a youth,  who  had  been  disinherited,  and  who  had 

deserted  his  parental  home. 


A-na  Mu-na-wi-rum 
qi-  bi-  ma 
um-ma  Ti-sa-na-tum-ma 
as-sum  sa  ta-as-pur-am  um-ma 
at-ta-ma 

5 Um-mi-na-di-tum  su-ha-ra-am 
a-na  li-qu-tim  il-qi-e-ma 
su-ha-rum  su-u  zi-k[i-i]r-si-ma 
20  §i-bu-ut  a-lim  u-pa-ah-hi-ir- 
sum-ma 


To  Munawirum, 
speak : — 

Thus  says  Tishanatum: 

In  regard  to  that  which  thou  hast  written 

“Ummi-naditum  took  the  boy 
for  adoption. 

That  boy  calls  her  (mother) ! 

20  city-elders  I assembled  for  him; 


14 


YALE  ORIENTAL  SERIES,  BABYLONIAN  TEXTS 


a-iua-a-ti-su  ma-ah-ri-su-nu  as-ku- 
un-ma 

10  as-sum  su-ha-[ri-im]  su-u  zi-ld-ir 
su-u 

is-tu  sattim  3kam  i-na  ah-hu-sum 
at-ta-si-ih-su 
i-na-an-na  il-li-ik 
u-qa-al-li-il-rna 
15  um-ma  sa-pi-ir  narim-ma 
a-li-ik-ma  narkabtam  a-pu-ul 
sa  ta-as-pur-am 
a-na  a-wi-lim  aq-bi-ma 
tup-pu-um  sa  a-wi-lim 
20  a-na  I-din-Sin  it-[ta-a]l-kam 
u-ul  i-ta-ar-ma 
as-sum  su-ha-ri-im  su-a-ti 
u-ul  u-da-ab-ba-ab-ka 


then  I established  his  case  in  their  pres- 
ence.” 

As  to  this  youth’s  proclamation, 

(I  reply) : I had  disinherited  him 
three  years  ago  in  favor  of  his 
brother.  Now  he  has  gone. 

He  has  made  light  of  (it). 

The  governor  of  the  canal-zone 
(wrote) : “Come  and  return  the  wagon. 
That  which  thou  hast  written  to  me 
I have  told  the  man, 
and  the  letter  of  the  man 
has  gone  to  Idin-Sin. 

He  shall  not  return.” 

I shall  not  bring  legal  proceedings 
against  thee  in  matters  referring  to  that 
youth. 


XIII.  (No.  110) 

A statement  in  reference  to  different  sales  of  grain. 


A-na  be-li-ia 

qi-  bi-  ma 

um-ma  Si-li-5 * * * * 10 ilSamas-ma 

as-sum  se-e-im  sa  alu  Qi-is-ra-ilE-a 

5 sa  Sin-ma-gir  u Ilu-su-ib-ni-[su\ 

il-qu-u  sa  ta-as-pu-ra-am 

i-mu-u-ma  m Gi-mi-lum 

ni-ik-ka-az-zi-su-nu  i-pu-su 

30  se  gur  at-ti-is-su-nu-si-i-im 

10  u i-na  bit  mN u-ur-il Adad 

ta-aq-bi-a-am-ma  20  gur  a-na  e-si- 
di-im 

10  gur  a-na  si-pi-ir  kirim 
u-si-e-su-nu-si-i-im 
60  se  gur  li-qu-u 


To  my  lord, 
speak : — 

Thus  says  Sili-Shamash : 

In  reference  to  the  grain  of  the  city  of 
Qishra-Ea, 

which  Sin-magir  and  Ilushu-ibnishu 
bought,  about  which  thou  hast  written  to 
me  at  the  time  when  Gimilum  made  a 
settlement  of  their  account: 

I brought  them  30  kors  of  grain, 
and  from  the  house  of  Nur-Adad, 
thou  hast  told  me,  went  out 

for  them  20  kors  during  the  harvest 
(and)  10  kors  for  garden-work, 

(thus)  receiving  60  kors  of  grain. 


H.  F.  LUTZ— EARLY  BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  FROM  LARSA  15 


XIV.  (No.  8) 

A grain  order  for  troops. 


A-na  Su-nu-um-ilu 
qi-  bi-  ma 

um-via  Su-mu-um-li-ib-si-ma 
ilSamas  li-ba-al-li-tu-ka 
5 120  qa  se-a-am 
a-na  I-li-i-din-nam 
i-di-in 

se-um  a-na  sa-bu-tim 
la  ta-ka-la-su 


To  Sunum-ilu, 
speak 

Thus  says  Shumum-libshi : 
May  Shamash  keep  thee  well! 
Give 

unto  Ili-idinnam 
120  qa  of  grain. 

The  grain  (is)  for  the  troops. 
Do  not  withhold  it. 


XV.  (No.  102) 
An  order  for  wool. 


A-na  Mu-na-wi-rum 
qi-  bi-  ma 

um-ma  Sin-sar-ru-um 
A-bil-ja-tum 

5 u I-din-nam-ma 

ilSamas  li-ba-al-li-it-ka 
a-nu-um-ma  a-na  Sin-ma-gir 
u Be-li-ja-su 
ni-is-tap-ra-am 
10  it-ti-su-nu 
i-zi-iz-ma 

sipatn?un  sa  2 siqlu  kaspim 
li-qi-e-ma 

kaspam  a-na  Sin-e-ri-ba-am 
15  i-di-in 

la  tu-ur-ra-ak-su 


To  Munawirum, 
speak : — 

Thus  say  Sin-sharrum, 

Abil-jatum 

and  Idinnam: 

May  Shamash  grant  thee  life! 
We,  now,  send  for  Sin-magir 
and 

Belijashu. 

Join 

them  and 
purchase  wool  for 
two  shekels  of  silver. 

Give  the  money 
to  Sin-eribarn. 

Do  not  put  him  off. 


XVI.  (No.  3) 

Containing  a request  to  take  care  of  a cargo  of  grain,  which  will  soon  arrive. 

A-na u To  X and  Y, 

qi-  bi-  ma  speak: — 

um-ma  Lu-mur-sa-ilMarduk-ma  Thus  says  Lumur-sha-Marduk : — 


16 


YALE  ORIENTAL  SERIES',  BABYLONIAN  TEXTS 


ilSamas  li-ba-al-li-tu-ku-nu-ti 
5 as-sum  se-e-im  sa  SA-Malahuki 
a-di  is-tu  i-na-an-na  umu  2kam 
elippum  i-sa-an-ni-ga-am 
a-na  se-e-im  su-a-ti 
la  te-e-gi 

10  pi-ha-at  se-e-im  su-a-ti  e-li-ku-nu-ma 

la  ki-ma  aq-bu-ku-nu-si-im 
a-wi-li-e  e-is-ha-a-nim 1 

XVII. 
Concerning  the 

A-na  Sin-li-ivif-ir? 
qi-  bi-  ma 

um-ma  I-li-ra-bi-.ma 
as-sum  ta-as-pu-ra-am 
5 um-ma  at-ta-a-ma 

i-nu-u-ma  a-na  Ra-bi-kumki 
ta-al-la-ku-ma 

su-up-ra-am-ma  10  siqlu  kaspim 
[us]-ta-bi-la-kum 

10  is-tu  i-na-an-na  a-na  umi  5kam 
a-na  Ra-bi-kumki 
pa-nu-ia  ka-ak-nu 
a-nu-um-ma  ilSamas-ra-bi 
a-na  si-ri-ka 
15  at-tar-da?n 

10  kiqlu  kaspim  su-bi-lam-ma 


May  Shamash  keep  you  healthy! 
Concerning  the  grain  of  SA-Malahu, 
as  soon  as  the  ship  arrives 
in  two  days  from  now, 
do  not  be  negligent 
in  regard  to  that  grain. 

The  responsibility  of  that  grain  rests 
upon  you,  and 
(it  is)  not  as  I had  told  you. 

The  men  have  ordered  (it). 

(No.  12) 

payment  of  money. 

To  Sin-liwir, 
speak : — 

Thus  says  Ili-rabi : 

Concerning  that  which 
thou  hast  written : 

“At  the  time  when  thou 
goest  to  Rabikum 
write  to  me  and  I shall  send  unto 
thee  the  10  shekels  of  silver.” 

Five,  days  hence 
my  face  is  turned 
to  Rabikum. 

I,  now,  despatch 
Shamash-rabi 
unto  thee. 

Send  me  the  10  shekels  of  silver. 


XVIII.  (No.  149) 

Concerning  the  purchase  of  a female  slave. 
A-na  A-bu-wa-qar  To  Abu-waqar, 

qi-  bi-  ma  speak: — 

um-ma  A-hu-wa-qar-ma  Thus  says  Ahu-waqar: 

1 Mistake  for  ishunim  (?). 


H.  F.  LUTZ— EARLY  BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  FROM  LARSA  17 


as-sum  am-tim 
5 sa  ta-as  pu-ra-am 
sa  um-ma  at-ta-a-ma 
a-na  si-ir  Si-li-ilAdad 
a-li-ik-ma 
am-tam  li-di-kum 
10  al-li-ik-sum-ma 

um-ma  a-na-ku-u-ma 
. . .-ik?-ta?~.  . ,-§u~.  . . 
sa  A-bu-wa-qar 
i§-pu-ur-ra-an-ni 
15  am-tam  id~nam 
um-ma  $u-u-ma 
i-pa-la-an-ni-ma 
a-na  be-el  am-tim 
la  al-li-kam 

20  am-tam  a-na  ma-am-ma-an 
u-ul  a-na-ad-di-in 
ma-ar  si-ib-ri-ka 
su-bi-ra-am-ma 
am-tam  li-di-nam 
25  ab-bu-tum 


In  regard  to  a female  slave 

about  whom  thou  hast  written  to  me 

as  follows: 

“Go 

to  Sili-Adad  and 

let  him  give  thee  a female  slave.” 

I went  to  him  and 

(reply)  in  the  following  manner: 


that  Abu-waqar 
wrote  to  me: 

“Purchase  a slave-maid.” 

He  (answered) : 

“He  shall  pay  me. 

I did  not  (yet)  go 
to  the  slave-owner. 

And  the  slave-maid  I shall  give 
to  no  one  (else).” 

Send  over 
thy  messenger, 

and  let  him  purchase  the  slave-maid. 
Please. 


XIX.  (No.  94) 

A report  of  the  weight  of  certain  grain. 


A-na  be-li-ia 
qi-  bi-  ma 
um-ma  Si-li-ilSama§-ma 
se-um  sa  dimti  ka-at-tim 
5 5 gur  ib-ba-a-H 

SA  MU  EdingiTIM  aSA  UD.  UNUki 
BA-DU 


To  my  lord 
speak : — 

Thus  says  Sili-Shamash : 

The  grain  at  Dimti  Kattim 
is  5 kors. 

In  the  year  in  which  the  temple  of  Adad 
in  Larsa  was  built. 


18 


YALE  ORIENTAL  SERIES,  BABYLONIAN  TEXTS 
XX.  (No.  13) 

An  order  for  the  sale  of  grain. 


A-na  N a-bi-ilGu-la 
u Bal-mu-nam-he 
qi-  bi-  ma 

um-ma  Sin-a-ia-ba-as-ma 
5 ilSamas  li-ba-al-li-it-ku-nu-ti 
mIg-mil-Sin 
u Ba-ak-kum  re’um 
ka-ni-ki  it-ba-lu-ni-ku-nu-si-im 
a-na  bi-i  ka-ni-ki 

10  se-am  i-na  se-am  nisi  I-din-ja-tum 
su-si-a 

hmi-rna  ke-urn  i-na  se-am  nisi  I-din- 
ja-[tum ] 
la  i-ba-as-si 

i-na  se-am  nisi  ilM arduk-la-ma-za-su 
sukallu 
15  su-si-a 

XXL 

A request  to  act 

A-na  Wa-tar-ilSamas 
qi-  bi-  ma 

um-ma  Ilu-su-ib-ni-su-ma 
llSa/tnas  li-ba-al-li-it-ka 
5 a-nu-um-ma  a-na,  Sin-mu-us-ta-al 
tup-pi  us-ta-bi-lam 
tamqareme's  sa  il-li-ku-nim 
pa-ni-su-nu 
§ a-ab-ta-am-ma 
10  a-la-kam  li-pu-su-nim 


To  Nabi-Gula, 
and  Balmunamhe, 
speak : — 

Thus  says  Sin-aiabash : 

May  Shamash  keep  you  well ! 

Igmil-Sin 

and  Bakkum,  the  shepherd,  have 
brought  you  my  sealed  document. 
According  to  the  wording  of  the  document 
take  out  the  grain  of  the  supply 
of  the  people  of  Idinjatum. 

If  the  supply  of  grain  of  the 

people  of  Idinjatum  is  not  on  hand, 
(then)  give  out  some  of  the 

grain  of  the  people  of  Marduk-lamazashu 
the  supervisor. 


as  a caravan  leader. 

To  Watar-Shamash, 
speak : — 

Thus  says  Ilushu-ibnishu : 

May  Shamash  keep  thee  healthy! 
I,  now,  send  through  Sin-mushtal 
my  letter. 

The  merchants  who  have  come, 
lead, 

and  let  them  set  out 
on  the  journey. 


H.  F.  LUTZ— EARLY  BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  FROM  LARSA  19 


XXII.  (No.  83) 

A request  for  immediate  removal  of  oxen  and  sheep,  which  is  probably  to  be 
brought  into  close  connection  with  the  result  of  an  oracle  mentioned,  which 
may  have  predicted  an  hostile  incursion,  a flood  or  an  outbreak  of  a plague 
among  cattle  in  a certain  district. 

A-na  U-bar-ru-um 


qi-  hi-  ma 
um-ma  Awel-ilNannar 
ma-ru-ka-a-ma 

5 a-na  Ilu-su-i-bi-su  ba-ri-im 
as-tu-ur-ma 
um-ma  §u-u-ma 
a-na  ilN in-gih-zi-da  a-tu 
is-pu-ur-rna  um-ma  su-ma 
10  i-na  si-ri-im  a-mu-ur-ma 
H-ru-um  za-hi-il 
alp&un  u senu?un 
a-na  kisad  nar  me  Enlil-la 
i-na-za-hu 
15  alpe?un  us-ha-zu 
a-§ar  wa-as-ba-a-ta 
li-zi-zu 

u mi-di  an-ni-ki-a-am 
i-ba-as-ka-a-rna 
20  al-pi  a-na  a-li-im 

a-as-im-ma  i-na-za-hu-ma 
pu-ur-tum  i-ha-li-ik 
al-kam-ma  pu-ur-ta-am 
pu-ru-us-ma  ta-ru 
25  ab-bu-tum 

a-wa-tum  da-an-na 


To  Ubarrum, 
speak : — 

Thus  says  Awel-Nannar 
thy  son: 

I wrote  to 

Uushu-ibishu,  the  diviner, 
and  he  (replied) : 

“They  sent  to  Ningishzida, 
the  seer.  He  (said) : 

“I  beheld  the  oracle. 

The  oracle  is  dreadful.” 

They  shall  remove 

the  oxen  and  the  sheep  to  the 

canal  Me-Ellil  (water  of  Ellil) 

The  oxen 

may  remain 
where  thou  art. 

Knowledge  shall  be  to 
thee  at  once. 

The  oxen  I to  the  city 

they  shall  (also)  remove. 

“A  young  cow  has  strayed  away.” 
Well  then,  restrain  the  young  cow 
repeating  (it). 

Please! 

The  matter  is  urgent. 


XXIII.  (No.  114) 

An  inquiry  concerning  sheep  which  had  been  ordered  away  from  a certain  field 

the  governor  of  the  canal-zone. 

A-na  Warad-ilSamas  To  Warad-Shamash, 

qi-  bi-  ma  speak: — 


ma 


20 


YALE  ORIENTAL  SERIES,  BABYLONIAN  TEXTS 


um-ma  W a-tar-ilSamas-ma 
ilSamas  u ilNergai 
5 li-ba-al-li-tu-ka 

as-sum  eqlirn{lim)  sa  Li-bi-it-.  . . . 
ki-a-am  iq-bi-a-am 
um-ma  su-u-ma 
is-tu  sa-pi-ir  na-ri-im 
10  u-lam-mi-id 
a-na  li-ib-bi 
eqlim  li-zu 

senu*u[n  la  in-na-da-a] 
su-ha-[ru]  i-pu-ul-su-[ma\ 

15  um-ma  su-u-ma 

mi-im-ma  u-ul  li-zu-[su-nu-ti] 
tup-p  i us-ta-bi-[la-ak-kum] 
sum-ma  i-na  ki-i[t-tim\ 
a-hi  at-[ta] 

20  me-hi-ir  tup-pi-[ia] 

sa  is-tu  sa-pi-ir  na-ri-[im ] 
iq-bu-ma 

senu'-  un  la  in-na-da-a 
su-bi-lam 


Thus  says  Watar-Shamash : 

May  Shamash  and  Nergal 
preserve  thy  life! 

Concerning  the  field  of  Libit-.  . . . 

He  spoke  like  this: 

“From 

the  governor  of  the  canal-zone 
he  learned: 

Let  the  neglected  sheep 
be  taken  from  the  midst 
of  the  field.” 

The  boy 
answered  him: 

“Nothing  may  take  them  away.” 

I send  thee  my  letter. 

If,  in  truth, 
thou  art  my  brother, 
then  send  me 
an  answer  to  my  letter, 
what  was  said  by  the  governor  of  the 
canal-zone 
of  the 

neglected  sheep. 


XXIY.  (No.  6) 

A plaintiff’s  statement  to  the  judge  that  the  defendant  had  entirely  complied 


to  his 

A -na  S in-i-din-nam 
qi-  bi-  ma 

um-ma  ilM arduk-mu-sa-lim-ma 
ilSamas  u ilMarduk  li-ba-al-li-tu-ka 

ki-ma  ti-du  u-ul  ilSamas-re,u-ti-i-im  (?) 

5 e-bi-is  si-bu-ti-ia 

i-nu-ma  a-sa-pa-ru-sum1 


demands. 

To  Sin-idinnam, 
speak : — - 

Thus  says  Marduk-mushalim : 

May  Shamash  and  Marduk  preserve  thy 
life! 

As  thou  knowest  Shamash-re’utim  not 
fulfilling  my  demand, 
when  I wrote  to  him 


1 Mistake  for : as-pu-ra-sum. 


H.  F.  LUTZ— EARLY  BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  FROM  LARSA  21 


si-bu-ti  ma-di-is  i-pu-us 
a-wa-ti-su  ina  mah-ri-ka 
li-is-ku-un-ma 

10  di-nam  ki-ma  si-im-da-at  be-li-ia 
i-sa-ri-is  su-hi-iz-zu 


he  fully  complied  with  my  claim. 

Let  his  case  be  established 
in  thy  presence,  and  render  judg- 
ment unto  him  in  just  manner  accord- 
ing to  the  law  of  my  lord. 


XXV.  (No.  87) 

A request  to  send  a young  man. 


A-na  Na-bi-ilSamas 
qi-  bi-  ma 

um-ma  ilA  dad-ri-im-i-li-ma 


ilSamas  li-ba-al-li-it-ka 
5 [an\-nu-um  I-li-gim-la-an-ni 
[at\-tar-da-ak-kum 
su-ha-ra-[am\ 
it-ti  I-li-gim-la-an-ni 
tu-ur-da-am 


To  Nabi-Shamash, 
speak : — 

Thus  says  Adad-rim-ili : 

May  Shamash  keep  thee  well ! 
This  Ili-gimlanni 
I despatch  unto  thee. 

Send  me 
a young  man 
with  Ili-gimlanni. 


XXVI.  (No.  70) 

An  assurance  that  the  addressee  shall  not  suffer  loss  for  disputed  grain. 


[A-n\a  ilSamas-li-wi-ir 
qi-  bi-  ma 

[um-ma]  I-li-i-qi-sa-am-ma 
5 il[Samas ] u [ilMarduk]  li-ba-al-li-tu-ka 

as-sum  [se]  sa  I-bi-ilSamas  ahu-ni 

ta-as-pur-am 

ld-ma  ti-du-u  a-na  se-im  an-ni-im. 
du-ub-bu-ba-a-ku-ma 
10  u-ul  i-pu-us-su 

is-tu  i-na-an-na  umi  2 
[la]-ma  at-tar-da-am 
[se]-am  a-ap-pa-a§-su 1 


To  Shamash-liwir, 
speak : — 

Thus  says  Ui-iqisham: 

May  Shamash  and  Marduk  keep  thee 
well! 

Concerning  the  grain  of  Ibi-Shamash,  our 
brother, 

thou  hast  written  to  me. 

As  thou  knowest  for  that  grain 
I have  gone  to  law,  but 
he  has  not  complied  to  it. 

Two  days  hence, 
before  I shall  send, 

I shall  pay  him  the  grain. 

In  no  manner  shalt  thou  suffer  loss. 


mi-im-ma  la  ta-na-zi-iq 
1 Assimilation  of  l to  following  s;  a-ap-pa-al-su. 


22 


YALE  ORIENTAL  SERIES,  BABYLONIAN  TEXTS 

XXVII.  (No.  81) 

A request  to  send  a bronze  pot. 


A-na  Ba-ba-a 
qi-  hi-  ma 

um-ma  M u-na-wi-rum-ma 
llSamas  u ilMarduk  da-ri-is  u-mi 
5 li-ba-al-li-tu-ki 

a-nu-um-ma  Lu-mur-sa-  ilM arduk 
at-tar-dam 

1 URUDU  SUN  su-bi-li-im 
a-na-ku  kaspam  URUDU  SUN 
10  u-ta-ra-ak-ki  ' 

a-na-ku  i-na  su-li-mi 
ka-la-a-ku 

as-sum*  i-na  ki-it-ti-im 
ta-ra-am-mi-in 

15  1 URUDU  SUN  su-bi-li-im 


To  Baba, 
speak — 

Thus  says  Munawirum: 

May  Shamash  and  Marduk  for  eternal 
days  keep  thee  well! 

I,  now,  despatch 
Lumur-sha-Marduk. 

Send  me  one  bronze  pot. 

I shall  restore  unto  thee  the 
money  for  the  bronze  pot. 

I (for  the  present)  am  straitened 
in  my  circumstances. 

If  thou  truly 
dost  love  me, 

(then)  send  me  one  bronze  pot. 


XXVIII.  (No.  15) 

Contains  an  appeal  to  good  sisterly  relation,  a complaint  for  not  having  granted  a 
reduction  in  price,  a reminder  of  unfulfilled  promises,  a willingness  on  the  part 
of  the  writer  to  furnish  a certain  thing,  and  an  announcement  that  he  despatches 
someone  to  get  drink  and  food. 

A-na  El-me-sum 
qi-  bi-  ma 

um-ma  Si-ru-um-ma 
ilSamas  u ilTAK  E-sa-ra 1 as- 
sum-ia 

5 da-ri-is  u-mi  li-ba-al-li-tu-ki 
at-hu-ta-am  ki-a-am  su-uk-ni-ma 

lu  sa  is-tu  si-ih-hi-ri-nu-ma 

* Probably  mistake  for  summa. 

1 E-sa-ra  = E-sar-ra  (Br.  6265)  compare:  Ninth  pir  esara;  KB  III:  162;  VI:  II ; = BA  II 
203;  also  comp.  KB  IV  p.  80  Col.  IV  1.  1.  Esar{r)a  is  an  epithet  which  the  Sumerians 
applied  to  “irsitu”,  earth;  i.  e.  “Das  Welthaus;  the  house  of  totality. 


To  Elmeshum, 
speak : — 

Thus  says  Sirum: 

May  Shamash  and  TAK  of  Eshara  for 
my  sake 

preserve  thy  life  for  eternal  days! 
Establish  in  this  fashion  the  sisterly 
relation, 

for  we  have  grown  up  together 


H.  F.  LUTZ— EARLY  BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  FROM  LARSA  23 


is-te-ni-es  ni-ir-bu-u 
is-tu  i-lam  la-ar-si-i2 

10  ma-ti-ma  i-na  simim  15  §e  kaspim 
su-mi  u-ul  ta-ah-su-si 
u ti-ma-li  i-nu-ma  ta-li-ki-im 
A-ba-ra-ha-am  el-qi-e-ma 
a-di  te-ki-mi-in-ni 

15  u-ul  ta-am-gu-ri 

urrt-ma  at-ti-ma  ul-la-nu-um 
ha-at-ta-am  davi-qa-am 
u ka-ta-am  u-sa-ba-la-kum 
u-ul  §u-ta-bi-li-im3 

20  u ki-a-am  aq-bi-ki  um-ma  a-na-ku-ma 
a-wi-lum  A-bi-il Amurrum  sa  ih-zu-ki 4 
sum-ma  a-am-ri-e 5 ha-se-ih 
li-is-[pu\-ra-am-ma  5 i? a-am-ri-e 5 
lu-sa-bi-la-as-su 

25  a-nu-um,-ma  it-ti  elippim  sa-an-nim 
a-wi-lam  at-tar-da-ak-ki 
ie-ir-bi-i  u u-ku-ul-tu 
§a  ^ siqlu  kaspim  ku-bi-lim 
i-na  an-ni-tim  at-hu-ut-ki 
30  lu-mur 


since  we  were  small. 

Thou  hast  acquired  since  a protective 
genius2 

Not  at  all  didst  thou  reduce  the 
price  of  15  she  of  silver, 
but,  yesterday,  I took  Aba-raham, 
when  thou  hadst  come. 

Not  until  thou  hadst  overcharged  me 
didst  thou  comply. 

Thou  (hast  said) : “In  the  future 

I shall  send  unto  thee  good 

and 

Thou  didst  not  cause  (it)  to  be  sent. 

But  as  I have  told  thee  I (say  again) 

“If  the  patrician  Abi-Amurrum,  who 
took  thee,  needs  beds, 
then  let  him  write  to  me,  and  I may 
send  him  5 beds. 

I,  now,  despatch  with  another  ship 
a man  unto  thee. 

Send  me  for  l th  of  a shekel  of 
silver,  drink  and  food. 

May  I therein  recognize  thy 
sisterly  disposition. 


XXIX.  (No.  62) 

A request  to  return  a run-away  messenger  and  his  brother  to  the  writer. 

A-na  a-wi-lim  To  the  patrician, 

qi-  bi-  ma  speak: — 

um-ma  A-wi-il-ilE-a-ma  Thus  says  Awil-Ea: 

2istu  Ham  tarsi  literally  translated  means:  thou  hast  since  acquired  a god.  The  phrase 
contains  an  idiomatic  expression,  which  is  not  quite  clear.  The  above  rendering  is  only  ten- 
tative. The  “protecting  genius”  may  have  reference  to  Elmeshum’s  husband. 

3 su-ta-bi-li-im  mistake  of  scribe  for  tu-sa-bi-li-im. 

4ih-zu-ki  = “ he  took  thee”  in  the  sense  of  “he  married  thee.”  This  is  very  connnon  in 
Old  Babylonian. 

5 With  a-am-ri-e  compare  amaru  ( isu ),  part  of  a bed;  K 164:11;  Craig,  RT  78:1; 
78:19  (here  plural) ; Maklu  V:2. 


24 


YALE  ORIENTAL  SERIES,  BABYLONIAN  TEXTS 


ilSamas  u ilMarduk  li-ba-al-li-tu-Jca 

5 lu  sa-al-ma-ta  lu  ba-al-ta-ta 

ilu  na-si-ir-ka  ri-es-ka  a-na  da-mi- 
iq-tim 

li-  ki-  il 

a-na  su-ul-mi-ka  as-pu-ra-am 
su-lum-ka  ma-har  ilSamas  u ilMarduk 
10  lu  da-  ri 

mSin-ra-bi  lu  redu  sa  bi-ti-ia 
ha-li-iq-ma 

[a-na]  A-wi-la-tum  a-hi-su 
[ i-na  . . . .]kar-lik-ku 
15  [i-tu-]ur-su-ma 
id-di-in-su 
it-ta-la-ak-ma 
wa-sa-ab-su  i-na  aliki 
ma-ah-ri-ka  iq-bu-nim 
20  ki-ma  ra-bu-ti-ka 
mSin-ra-bi 

ii  A-wi-la-tum  a-hi-su 
a-na  ar-du  u idf-da-tum 
pi-qi-id-ma 

25  ma-ah-ri-ia  li-iz-za-ni-iq?-su-nu-ti 


May  Shamash  and  Marduk  keep  thee 
well ! 

Mayest  thou  be  well  and  of  good  health. 

May  the  god  who  protects  thee, 
uphold  thy  head  for  prosperity! 

I have  written  to  greet  thee. 

May  thy  well-being  before  Shamash 
and  Marduk  endure! 

Sin-rabi,  the  messenger  of  my 
house  has  disappeared. 

It  is  said:  “they  returned  him 
and  gave  him 
to  Awilatum,  his  brother, 

in karlikku. 

He  departed  and 
his  stay  is  in  the  city, 
in  thy  presence. 

Kindly 
deliver  over 

Sin-rabi  and  Awilatum, 
his  brother, 

to  the  servant  and , and  let 

him  arrive  with  them  in  my  presence. 


XXX.  (No.  63) 

Contains  a demand  for  restitution  of  a stone  tablet,  an  announcement  of  a retaliatory 


measure,  and  an  inquiry  into 

A-na  Sin-na-da 
qi-  bi-  ma 

um-ma  Li-bi-it-ma 
ilSamas  u u Sin  as-sum-ia  li-ba-al-li- 
tu-ki 

5 ki-ma  (?)  sum-ma  la  ka-a-ti 
pa-ri-is  wa-ar-ka-tim 
la  i-su-u  u-ul  ti-di-e 


a certain  action  of  the  addressee. 

To  Sin-nada, 
speak : — 

Thus  says  Libit : 

May  Shamash  and  Sin  for  my  sake  keep 
thee  healthy! 

As  if  there  had  been  no  explanation 
to  thee  about  the  matter! 

Thou  knowest  not. 


H.  F.  LUTZ— EARLY  BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  FROM  LARSA  25 


i-na  sa-at-tim  an-ni-tim 
ti-ri-in-ni-i-ma 
10  na-ra-am  su-bi-ri-in-ni 
si-ba-a-ti  a-na  pa-ni-ia 
ib-si-i-ma 
la  a-ha-as 

10  ma-na  ri-is 1 mGi-mil-la-at-Sin 
15  i-na-ad-di-ig-gi 
as-sum  A-bil-ilBa-u 
■sa-su-u  sa  i-ka-lu 
ki~ta  ma-la  ba-aq-qu-ur-ki'1 2 
sa  sa-a-ti  la  tu-wa-as-sa-ri-su 

20  a-na  si-ir  Sin-i-qu-lam3 
al-qi-i-ma 

a-na  U d-bal-nam-he 
li-di-ih-hi-ki-i-ma 
Sag . War  ad  li-is-ku-na-ak-ki 
25  a-nu-um-ma  mU-tul-Istar 
at-tar-da-ak-ki-im 
te-e-im  ga-am-ra-am 
su-up-ri 


Render  satisfaction  unto  me 
this  year  and 

hand  over  the  stone  tablet  to  me. 

The  things  seized 
belong  to  me. 

I  am  in  no  haste 
that  Gimillat-Sin  shall  give  thee 
the  10  mines  of  maintenance  money. 
Concerning  Abil-Bau, 
him  who  is  locked  up, 
as  much  as  there  is  truth  to  it, 
having  brought  legal  action  against  thee, 
because  thou  dost  not  let  him 
go  free,  I took 
to  Sin-iqulam. 

Let  them  bring  thee 
to  Udbalnamhe, 

and  a servant  let  them  provide  for  thee. 
I,  now,  despatch  unto  thee 
Utul-Ishtar. 

Send 

complete  information. 


XXXI.  (No.  1) 

A letter  informing  the  addressee  what  he  is  to  reply  to  another  man’s  inquiry 
concerning  a present.  The  second  part  of  the  letter  entreats  the  recipient  to 
give  special  attention  to  a person  who  has  set  his  mind  on  something  that  is 
not  proper. 

A-na  ilSin-ma-gir  To  Sin-magir 

qi-  bi-  ma  speak! 

um-ma  Ib-ku-Istar  u Sin-i-tu-ra-  Thus  say  Ibku-Ishtar  and  Sin-ituram 

am-ma 

1 Ri-is;  compare  Arabic  vis  = “Fiille  des  Unterhaltes,  Nahrung,”  here  perhaps  “main- 
tenance, sustenance  (money).” 

2 Mistake  for:  buqqurki? 

3 See  note  on  this  name  in  List  of  Personal  Names. 


26 


YALE  ORIENTAL  SERIES,  BABYLONIAN  TEXTS 


ah-  hu-  ka-  a-  . ma 
5 ilIl-Asirta  ilSamas  ilGdl-gdl-la  u 
ilAmurru  il-ka 
as-sum-i-ni  a-na  da-ri-a-tim 
li-  ba-  al-  li-  tu-  u-  ka 
mHa-di-a-me-ir-il  amas-ma  as-sum 
ni-di-in-tu-im1 
a-na  sa-ni-im  ir-su-u 

10  u-za-ab-ba-la-an-ni 

a-na  i-ta-az-zu-uz-zi  a-na  sa-si-im 
a-ah-ka  la-a  ta-na-an-di 
di-a-am  qi-bi-sum  um-ma  at-ta-a-ma 
sa  at-ta  ga-ba  es-ma 
15  ta-ga-ab-bu-u 
ia-si-im  we-is-tum 

um-ma  ga-bu-um-ma  i-na  ta-ak-lu-u 
mHa-di-a-me-ir-ilSamas  i-na  te-ir-tira 
iz-ba-tu-nim-su 

20  mi-nam  ta-mu-ra-an-ni-ma 
i-na  ri-zi-nu  um-ma 

te-ir-ti  a-na  sa-ni-im 
ta-ad-di-in 

ki-a-am  qi-bi-sum-ma 
25  ar-hi-is  i-ip-pa-al-ka 

u a-nu-um-ma  mN a-bi-i-li-su 
a-na  la-a-si2 3  na-ti  pa-nu-su  sa-ak-nu-u 
mA-bil-Sin  a-wi-lam  is-daz-ma-am 
i-na  bi-it  ilSin  i-na-az-za-ah 
30  sum-ma  na-du-u  qi-bi-sum-ma 


thy  brother: — 

Il-Ashirta,  Shamash,  Galgalla  and 
Amurru,  thy 
god,  for  our  sake  grant 
thee  life  forever! 

Hadiamer-Shamash  (tells  thee)  as  fol- 
lows: “Concerning  a present, 
which  they  have  acquired  for  another 
(person) 

they  shall  send  (it)  to  me. 

In  order  to  be  portioned  out  to  him 
be  not  negligent  (in  the  matter).” 

Tell  him  the  following  information: 

“I  have  heard  the  word  which 
thou  sayest. 

Trouble  is  to  me  (because) 
the  following  is  the  word:  “(It  is)  trust- 
worthy, 

oh  Hadiamer-Shamash,  by  that  (same) 
order 

they  have  seized  it  (already).” 

What  dost  thou  see  in  me? 

In  our (thou  hast  said)  as  fol- 

lows : 

“Thou  hast  given  my  order  to 
another  (person)”. 

Tell  him  thus  and 

he  will  immediately  answer  thee. 

And  now,  Nabi-ilishu 
has  set  his  mind  on  what  is  not  proper. 
He  has  drugged  Abil-Sin,  the  patrician. 
He  removes  from  the  temple  of  Sin 
if  he  is  negligent.  Tell  him 
that  he  must 


1 The  writer  by  mistake  first  wrote  the  accusative  ending  tarn,  then  he  corrected  it  by 
adding  simply  im  ( assum  nidintim.) 

2 la-a-si  contracted  from : la-a  i-si. 

3 Mistake  of  scribe  for : istamam. 


H.  F.  LUTZ— EARLY  BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  FROM  LARSA  27 


sa  as-si-im  um  la-a  i-za-ah-hu-ur 4 

u ki-ma  mA-bil-Sin  nisakkam 5 

go  out  if  he  does  not  change. 
Furthermore,  because  thou  dost  not  know 
Abil-Sin, 

u-ul  ti-di-e 

a-na  an-ni-tim  a-ah-ka 

35  la-a  ta-na-aii-di 

ilIl-A§irta  ilSamas  ilGal-g  dl-la  u 
ilAmurru  il-ka 

as-sum-i-ni  a-na  da-ri-a-tim 

li-ba-al-li-tu-u-ka 

the  priest  of  sacrifice, 
be  not  negligent  in  regard 
to  this  (person). 

May  Il-Ashirta,  Shamash,  Cfalgalla  and 
Amurru,  thy  god, 
for  our  sake 
grant  thee  life  forever! 

XXXII. 

(No.  45) 

Concerning  a wedding-gift  and  a present  for  the  parental  home. 


A-na  I-din-n[am\ 
qi-  bi-  [ma] 
um-ma  ilSin-[X-ma\ 
a-na  bit  a-wi-[lim\ 

5 a-li-ik-[ma\ 

1 biltam  sa  30  [ma-na  sipati  pisati] 
u 30  ma-na  sipati  saplati 

To  Idinnam 
say  as  follows: 

Thus  says  Sin-X: — - 

Go  to  the  house 

of  the  patrician 

and  take  away  for  me  from 

the  house  one  load  of  30 

minas  of  white  wool  and  30 

a-na  bitimVim)  li-qi-a-am-ma 

30  ma-na  sipati  pisati 

10  a-na  kallati  aqarti 
i-di-in 

30  ma-na  sipati  saplati 
a-na  bit  ab-ba  li-si-ri-im-ma 
i-na  ku-nu-uk-ki-[su] 

15  li-ik-nu-uk-[su] 

minas  of  lower  grade  wool. 

Give  to  the  highly  esteemed 
bride  the  thirty  minas  of 
white  wool. 

Into  the  parental  home 
introduce  the  thirty  minas  of 
lower  grade  wool.  Let  him  seal 
it  with  his  seal. 

XXXIII. 

(No.  32) 

A royal  request  that  the  moon-god  shall  be  taken  away  from  a city,  and  that,  more- 
over, a war  prisoner  shall  be  redeemed. 

A-na  Lu-us-ta-mar-ilZa-md-md  To  Lushtamar-Zamama 


u Be-la-nu-um 

and  Belanum 

4*inD;  for:  izahhar. 

5Observe  the  uncommon  ideographic  writing:  NU . U .AB. 


28 


YALE  ORIENTAL  SERIES,  BABYLONIAN  TEXTS 


qi-  bi-  ma 

um-ma  Ha-am-mu-ra-b  i-ma 
5 is  ten  ilSin  a-na  DUG.GARki  li-su-u 

I-ma-ni-nu-um 
sa  na-ak-rum  il-qu-u 1 
10  mana  kaspim  i-na  bit  Sin 
a-na  iamqari-su  id-na-a-ma 
10  pu-ut-ra-su 

1 We  should  expect:  sa  ilqu-su: 


speak : — 

Thus  says  Hammurabi : — 

Let  them  take  forth  from  DUG. GAR  one 
Sin  (statue?). 

For  Imaninum 

whom  the  enemy  has  captured 
give  ten  minas  of  silver  out 
of  the  temple  of  Sin  to  his  merchant 
and  redeem  him. 


Notes. 

The  redemption  price  here  mentioned  is  exorbitantly  high,  compared  for  instance  with 
prices  paid  for  slaves.  According  to  Schwenzner’s  Tabelle  8 (Altbabylonisches  Wirtschaft- 
sleben,  p.  110)  the  highest  price  paid,  so  far  as  attested  up  to  the  present,  for  a male  slave 
is  90  shekels,  i.  e.  1^  2 mine  (CT.  VI.  29) ; the  lowest  price  registered  is  6 shekels  (VS  IX.  154). 

§ 32  of  the  Code  of  Hammurabi  refers  to  a case,  which  equals  this  one,  where  a ran- 
som is  to  be  paid  for  either  a redu  or  a ba’iru,  who  might  be  captured  while  in  the  service 
of  the  king.  According  to  this  paragraph  in  the  Code  it  seems  to  have  been  customary  to 
place  the  money  matter  connected  with  the  ransom  into  the  hands  of  merchants.  If  the 
person  to  be  ransomed  was  rich,  he  had  to  ransom  himself,  otherwise  the  obligation  for  paying 
the  ransom  price  fell  unto  the  temple  of  the  city  of  which  the  ransomed  had  the  right  of  a 
native.  (“ summa  ina  bitisu  sa  patarisu  la  ibassi  ina  bit  Hi  alisu  ippattar”,  Col.  XI.  25-29). 
The  reference  in  our  text  to  the  temple  of  Sin  indicates  that,  as  the  ransom  price  was  so 
excessive,  the  temple-administration  in  conformity  with  a law  equal  to  § 32  was  obliged  to 
redeem  him.  That  the  crown,  however,  took  an  interest  in  Imaninum  shows  him  to  be  a 
person  of  some  importance,  perhaps  a general  of  the  royal  army,  or  the  like.  This  high 
station  in  life  of  Imaninum  would  explain  the  large  amount  asked  for  his  redemption. 


NAME  LISTS. 


A.  Personal  Names. 


Attu:  A-at-tu-u;  148:1 
Aba:  A-ba-a;  36:3 
Aba-raham:  A-ba-ra-ha-am;  15:13 
A bi-ilA murrum : A -bi-ilM AR.TU;  15: 
21 

Abi-asdt:  A-bi-a-sa-at;  90:3 
AbilJlAdad:  A-bil-ilIM;  41:7;  141:3 
Abil-il Amurrum:  A-bil-ilMAR . TU;  95: 
2;  138:10 

Abil-ilBau:  A-bil-ilBa-u;  63:16 
Abil-ilu:  A-bil-AN;  82:6;  82:16;  82:18 
Abiljatum:  A-bil-ja-tum;  102:4 
Abil-Sin:  A-bil-EN.ZU;  1:29;  1:33 
Abil-ilSamas:  A-bil-ilUD;  2:1;  35:3; 

79:1;  143:1 

A bum-waqar : A -bu-  ( um ) -wa-qar;  39:1; 
86:3;  123:6;  148:3;  s.  of  Warad- 
Sin:  148:9;  148:17;  149:1;  149:13 
Add:  A-da-a;  41 :1 
ilAdad-eris:  ilIM-PIN ; 131:1 
il Adad-nasir : ilIM-na-sir;  103:36 
ilAdad~ra.  . . ilIM-ra- . . . . ; 30:1 

il  Adad-rim-ili:  ilIM-ri-im-i~li;  87:3; 

150:6 

ilAdad-sar~ili:  ilIM-sar-i-li;  64:6 
ilAdad-sarrum:  ilIM-sar-rum;  92:2 
Ahurn-Aia:  A-hu-um-A-a;  73:3 
Ahum-waqar:  A -hu-(um) -wa-qar;  2:1; 
89:7;  89:17;  124:1;  129:12 


Ahuni:  A-ku-ni;  124:3 
Ahusina:  A-hu-si-na;  98:13 
Alik-idi:  A-li-ik-i-di;  42:20 
il A murrum-ibnisu : ilM A R TU - ib-ni-su ; 
131:14 

Ali-lumur:  A-li-lu-mu-ur ; 95:1 
il Anu-mubalit:  il A-nu-mu-ba-li-it;  18:1; 
60:1 

Arium-waqar:  A-ri-um-wa-qar;1  143:1 
Awat-ilN annar : Awat-ilSESki;  100:1 
Awel-ilNabium:  Awel-ilNa-bi-um;  111:4 
Awel-ilN annar:  Awel-ilSESki;  83:3 
Awtl-ilAdad:  A-wi-iW I M ; 35:1;  113:2 
Awilatum:  A-wi-la-tum;  62:13;  62:22 
Awil-ilEa:  A-wi-il-ilE-a;  62:3 
Awilija:  A-wi-li-ja;  71:1 
Awil-ili:  A-wi-il-AN  ( i-li );  29:1;  78:7; 
128:11;  140:3 

Awil-Istar:  A-wi-il-Istar;  48:21;  48:24; 
95:3 

Awil-ilN abium:  A-wi-il-ilN a-bi-um;  57 : 
3;  68:3 

Atanah-ili:  A-ta-na-ah-i-li;  103:32 
Attija:  At-ti-ja;  106:1 
Baba:  Ba-ba-a;  81:1 
Bakkum:  Ba-ak-kum;  13:7 
Bala:  Bal-a;  7 :1 

Balmenamhi:  Bal-me-nam-hi;  96:1 
Balmunamhe:  Bal-mu-nam-he;  13:2;  77 :4 


1 A-ri-um-wa-qar  may  simply  be  a mistake  of  the  scribe  for  A-hu-um-wa-qar. 

(29) 


30 


YALE  ORIENTAL  SERIES,  BABYLONIAN  TEXTS 


Bas-ilu:  Ba-as-AN;  107:1 
Belanum:  Be-la-nu-um;  32:2;  123:1 
Bclijasu:  Be-li-ja-su;  102:8 
Belsunu:  Be-el-su-nu;  20:1;  28:1;  51:1; 
58:1;  66:1;  85:1;  99:1;  103:1;  137:1; 
142:1 

Beltani:  Be-el-ta-ni;  53:7;  53:10;  53:17 
Belt:  Be-li-i;  26:1;  150:1 
Belitia:  Be-li-ti-ia;  16:1 
Bill.  . . : Bi-li-.  . . ; s.  of  Ili-ippalza: 
131 : seal 

Biliam:  Bi-li-a-am;  64:9 
Bilitum:  Bi-li -turn;  129:6 
Dadd:  Da-da-a;  17:1;  55:2;  112:1;  134:1 
Dadaba:  Da-da-ba;  101 :3 
Damqi-ilisu:  Dam-qi-i-li-su;  82:12 
Dan-ilu:  Da-an-A N;  139:1 
Dapinum:  Da-pi-nu-um;  33:3 
Ea-sulul-su:  E-a-AN  DUE  ,-su;  18:2; 
60:3 

Ea-gdmil:  E-a-ga-mil;  108:1 
Ea-nasir:  E-a-na-si-ir;  49:21 
Ea-sarram:  E-a-sar-ra-am;  39:11 
Ea-sili:  E-a-si-li;  77 :2 
Eku-Urra:  E-ku-Ur-ra;  138:1 
Elmesum:  El-me(s)-sum;  15:1;  144:11 
Elmestum:  El-mes-tum;  117:3 
Erara:  E-ra-ra;  9:13 
Eriri:  E-ri-ri;  44:1 
Eribam:  E-ri-ba-am;  40:13;  40:16 
Eribam-Sin:  Eri-ba-am-Sin;  132:3 
Etel-pi-ilMarduk:  E-tel-KAJ!  AM AR . 
UD;  120:3 

Etel-pi-il  A abium:  E-tel-KA-ilN  a-bi-um; 
71:3 

Gatiluma:  Ga-ti-i-lu-ma;  24:3 


Gi, milium:  Gi-mi(l)-lum,  Gi-vni-el-lum; 
22-3;  92:7;  110:7 

Gimillat-Sin:  Gi-mil-la-at-XXX;  63:14 
Habil-ahi:  Ha-bil-a-hi;  125:4 
H adi-amer-ilSamas : H a-di-a-me-iril  UD; 
1:9;  1:19 

Hammurabi:  Ha-am-mu-ra-bi;  19:30; 
32:4 

ilHani-musalim:  ilH a-ni-mu-sa-lim;  47 :9 
Hdziram  (Acc .):  Ha-zi-ra-am;  74:5 
Hazirum:  Ha-zi-ru-um;  135:3 
Hununi:  Hu-nu-ni;  147 :9 
Eoija:  I-bi-ja;  73:1 

Ibi-ilIlabrat:  I-bi-ilNIN .SUBUR;  38:5; 
78:17 

Ibi-Sin:  I-bi-EN.ZU;  19:1 
Ibi-uSamas:  l-bi-nUD;  70:5;  132:1 
Ibiq-ndrAdmhi:  Sig-I d-kim-hi ; 106:3 
Ibku-Istar:  Ib-ku-Istar;  1:3;  69:1 
Ibkusa:  Ib-ku-sa;  2:4;  143:3 
Ibni-ilAdad:  Ib-ni-lIM;  68:1 
Ibni-Ea:  Ib-ni-E-a;  br.  of  Ilusu-ibni 
and  s.  of  I din-.  . . . ; 38:8;  38:21 
I din-.  . . . : I -din-.  . . . ; f.  of  Ilusu-ibni 
and  Ibni-Ea:  38 :9 
Idin-ilAdad:  I-din-’IM;  93:3 
Idin-Ea:  I-din-E-a;  88:1 
Idinjatum:  I-din-ja-tum;  13:10;  13:12 
I din-il Amurrum : I-din-lM AR  . TU; 
145:6;  145:14 

Idin-E  . MAH  (?) : I-din-E  MAH 
c ENf );  33:10 

Idin-EN  .MUN:  I-din-E N . M UN;  36 :5 
Idinnam:  I-din-nam ; 45:1;  102:5 
Idin-ilNana:  I-din-ilN a-na-a;  48:23; 
103:27;  131:5 


H.  F.  LUTZ— EARLY  BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  FROM  LARSA  31 


I din-Sin:  I-din-EN  ZU;  50:20;  136:3 
Idin-Urra:  I-din-Ur-ra;  116:1;  121:1; 
128:1 

Igmatum:  Ig-ma-tum;  s.  of  Sin-gdmil; 
130:14 

Igmil-Sin:  Ig-mil-EN .ZU;  13:6;  19:19; 
37:1 

Ili-abi:  I-li-a-bi;  146:10 
Ili-ahta:  I-li-ah-ta;  108:7 
Ili-gimlanni:  I-li-gim-la-an-ni;  87:5; 
87:8 

Ili-idinnam:  I-li-i-din-nam;  8:6;  41:17; 
146:3 

Ilijatum:  I-li-ja-tum;  96:4 
Ili-ippalzam:  I-li-ip-pa-al-za-am;  26:3; 

41:15;  69:3;  117:18;  135:1 
Ili-iqisam:  I -li-i-qi-sa-am;  64:20;  70:3; 
126:4 

Ilima-abi:  I-li-ma-a-bi;  37:20 
Ili-mutir:  I-li-LAH ; 77 :1 
Ili-rabi:  I-li-ra-bi;  12:3 
Ili-sarram:  I-li-sar-ra-am;  49:4 
Ilu-abia:  AN-a-bi-ia;  141 :1 

Ilu-da- : AN -da- ; 57 :1 

Iluma-ile:  AN-ma-i-li-e;  17:3 
Ilusu-bdni:  AN-su-ba-ni;  54:2 
Ilusu-ibni:  AN-su-ib-ni;  110:5 
Ilusu-ibisu:  AN-su-i-bi-su;  s.  of  Warad- 
Sin:  25:5;  25:13;  38:15;  83:5 
Ilusu-ibnisu:  AN-su-ib-ni-su;  10:3;  75:3 
Ilusu-nasir:  AN -su-na-si-ir ; 107:3 
Iltani:  Il-ta-ni;  61 :3 
Imaninum:  I-ma-ni-nu-um;  32:6 
Imgur-ilDagan:  Im-gur-ilDa-gan;  138:3 
I mmun-il  M arduk : Im(?) -mu-un(? ) - 

ilAMAR.  UD;  20:9 
Inbi-ilisu:  In-bi-i-li-su;  40:1 


/ nbi-ilSin : In-bi-ilEN  ZU;  139:1 
Ini-ilEa:  I-ni-ilE-a;  101:5;  101:20 
I ni-ilSin : I -ni-aEN .ZU ; 47:1 
Iranian:  Ir-an-um  (or  Sanurn?);  152:3 
Irsia:  Ir-si-ia;  53:1 
Ista:  Is-ta-a;  147:1 
ilIstar-sumu:  ilIstar-su-mu;  26-10 
Igurum:  I-gu-rum;  34:14 
Jahzir-ilu:  J a-ah-zi-ir-AN ; 96:5 
Kamnia:  Ka-am-ni-ia;  79:3 
KA-sa-Istar:  KA-sa-Istar;  152:1 
KA-sa-Urra:  KA-sa-Ur-ra;  24:1 
ilKAS . AM . GAR . RA  . . . f;  88 :6 

Ku ; 104:1 

Kubbutia:  Ku-ub-bu-ti-ia;  7 :3 
Kulira.  . Ku-li-ra-.  . 80:1 

Kunna:  Ku-un-na;  31 :1 
Kurdi-Istar:  Kur-di-I star ; 66:3 
Lalatum:  La-la-tum;  100:3 
Lalutum:  La-lu-tum;  48:1 
Libit:  Li-bi-it;  63:3;  114:6 
Libit-Ea:  Li-bi-it-E-a;  33:15 
Liku-il:  Li-ku-il;  96:3 
Libur-saduni:  Li-bur-sa-du-ni;  54 :4 
Litilr-Sin:  Li-tu-ur-EN .ZU;  2:6 
Lumur-sa-il  M arduk : Lu-mur-sa- 
ilAMAR.  UD;  3:3;  81:6;  109:26 
Lustamar-Sin:  Lu-us-ta-mar-EN . Z U; 

103:28 

Lustamar-ilZamdmd:  Lu-us-ta-mar-ilZa- 
ma-md;  32:1 

Mattatum:  Ma-at-ta-tum;  25:6;  25:11; 
25:15;  25:19 

Majari:  Ma-ja-ri;  98:9;  98:12;  98:16 
Manum:  Ma-a-nu-um;  72-8;  72:9 
M annum-kima-il  A dad:  M a-an-nu-um  - 
ki-ma-ilIM;  11:31;  125:5 


32 


YALE  ORIENTAL  SERIES,  BABYLONIAN  TEXTS 


Mannum-kima-ilSamas:  Ma-an-nu-um- 
ki-maJlAMAR . UD;  39:9;  39:10;  39: 
26 

Mar-ilAdad:  Mar-ilIM;  5:5 
Mdr-D  UG . GA  Rki;  52 :35 
Mar-Larsaki:  Mar-UD  ,UNUki;  89:3 
Mar-Istar;  147 :3 

ilMarduk- : ilAMAR . UD- ; 

11:2 

ilMarduk-bani:  ilAMAR . UD-ba-ni; 

46:4 

ilMarduk-lamazasu:  ilAMAR . UD-la-ma- 
za-su;  13:14 

ilM  arduk-mustal:  il  AM AR .U D-mu-us- 
ta-al;  98:1 

ilMarduk-musalim:  ilAMAR.  UD-mu-sa- 
lim;  6:3;  34:15;  76:3;  98:3;  137:13 
ilMarduk-nasir:  ilAMAR.  UD-na-si-ir; 

14:3;  95:8;  119:3;  125:2;  127:3;  144:2 
uMard  uk-ra  hi . . .:  ilAMAR . UD-ra- 
hi-....;  141:8 

Martu-aAbd:  Martu-ilA-ba-a;  75:1 
Masatanim  (Gen.) : Ma-sa-ta-ni-im;  78: 
21 

M uhadd itum : M u-ha-ad-di-tum;  1 03 :34 
Muhaddum;  Mu-ha-ad-du-um; 25:1;  76:1 
Muhuski:  Mu-hu-us-ki;  31:3;  109:7; 
109:24 

Munawirum:  Mu-na-wi-rum;  50:1;  52: 
2;  81:3;  89:14;  102:1;  103:38;  123:3 


Na ; 14:1 

Namria:...:  N a-am-ri-a-  . . ; ( PN ?); 
49:7 

Nabi-Ea:  Na-bi-E-a;  38:16 


N abiJlGula:  Na-bi-ilGu-la;  13:1 
Nabi-ilisu:  Na-bi-i-li-su;  1:27;  55:5; 
55:12;  55:16 


ilN  abium-mdlik:  ilN  a-bi-um-ma-lik ; 
105:3 

ilN abium-waqar : ilN a-bi-um-wa-qar ; 
137:15 

Nabi-ilSin:  Na-bi-ilEN  .ZU;  44:3 
Nabi-ilSamas:  Na-bi-ilUD;  11:1;  53:3; 

87:1;  125:1;  127:1;  144:1 
ilNahimmi:  ilN a-hi-im-mi;  112:11 
Nardm-ilisu:  N a-ra-am-i-li-su;  146:12 
Naramti:  Na-ra-am-ti;  146:9 
ilNingiszida:  ilNIN-gis-zi-da;  83 :8 
Nur-ilAdad:  Nu-ur-illM;  23:3;  56:3; 
110:10 

Nur-ilSamas:  Nu-ur-'lUD ; 5:1;  27:5; 

27:10;  37:21;  113:1 
Pirhum:  UD-hu-um,;  145:1 
Ribam-ili:  Ri-ba-am-i-li;  146:11 
Rim-dAdad:  Ri-im-ilIM;  4:26 
Risa-1  Marduk:  Ri-sa-lAMAR.UD;  34: 
26 

Sabitum:  Sa-bi-tum;  64:3 
Sarnia:  Sa-mi-ia;  59:3 
Sard:  Sa-ni-i;  139:3 

Sin- ; 45:3;  51:11;  84:10;  111: 

1;  144:5 

Sin-aba:  EN . ZU-a-ba;  115:8 
Sin-a bu-kullim : EN  Z U-A  D-ku-ul-lim; 
150:13 

Sin-abum:  EN . ZU -a-bu-um;  16 :3 ; 

86:2 

Sin-aiabas:  EN . Z U-a-ia-ba-as;  13:4 
ilSin-bel-ili:  llEN . Z U-be-el-i-li;  131:13; 
131 : seal 

Sin-bilah:  EN . Z U-bi-lah;  1 13 :3 
Sin-dursu:  EN . Z U-duf-ur-su? ; 1 50 :24 
Sin-eribam:  EN .ZU-e(i)-ri-ba-am;  4:1; 
9:1;  102:14 


H.  F.  LUTZ— EARLY  BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  FROM  LARSA  33 


Sin-eris:  EN.ZU-PIN;  19:1;  67:13; 
72:3;  88:3 

Sin-galdu:  EN  .ZU-gal-du;  80:3 
Sin-gdmil:  EN . ZU-ga-mil;  f.  of  Igma- 
tum:  130:14 

Sin-i : EN.ZU-i- ; 136:1 

Sin-idinnam : EN . Z U -i-din-nam;  6:1; 

19:18;  43:3;  68:8;  74:3;  78:12;  82:2 
Sin-ilisu:  EN . ZU-i-li-su;  38:27 
Sin-iqisam:  EN . ZU-i-qi-sa-am;  23 :1 ; 

40:9;  56:1;  74:1;  91:1 
Sin-iqulam:  EN  .ZU-i-ku-lam;1  63:20 
Sin-ilu:  EN.ZU-AN;  86:16 
Sin-ismeanni:  EN . ZU-is-me-  (a)-  (an)  - 
ni;  64:1;  150:8 

Sin-imguranni:  EN . Z U -im-gur-an-ni; 
47:3;  82:23 

Sin-ippalzam:  EN . Z U -ip-pa-al-za-am; 
133:9 

Sin-ituram : EN  .ZU -i-tu-ra-am;  1 :3 
Sin-itasu:  EN . ZU-i-ta-su;  151:3 

Sin-li : EN .ZTJ-U-.  . . 12:1 

Sin-Urik:  EN . ZU-li-ri-ik;  95:7 
Sin-magir:  EN . Z U-ma-gir;  1:1;  4 :3 ; 
27:9;  102:7;  110:5;  116:3;  116:5; 
121:3;  128:3 

Sin-malik:  EN  .ZU-ma-lik;  9:12;  29:14 
ilSin-manse:  ilEN .ZU-ma-an-se;  118:3 
Sin-ma-ilu:  EN .ZU-ma-AN;  108:3 
Sin-muballit : EN . Z U -mu-ba-al-li-it ; 
33:6 

Sin-musalim:  EN  .ZU-mu-sa-lim;  67:1; 
150:2 


Sin-mustal:  EN . Z U -mu-us-ta-al;  10 :5 ; 
34:2 

Sin-nada:  EN  .ZU-na-da;  63:1 
Sin-natum:  EN  .ZU-na-tum;  31:5 
Sin-wedu:  EN .ZU-we-du;  19:41 
Sin-rabi:  EN .ZU-ra-bi;  62:11;  62:21 
U7) Sin-rimeni:  {ll)EN . Z U-ri-me-ni ; 86 :1 ; 
86:9;  131:3 

S in-samuh : EN  ZU -sa-mu-uh;  92:1; 

97:3;  107:8;  120:1 
Sin-sarrum:  EN  .ZU  Aar-rum;  102:3 
Sin-taiar:  EN . ZU-ta-a-a-ar;  37:2 
Sin-tium:  EN . ZU-ti-u-um;  40:15 
Sin-uzili:  EN  .ZU-u-zi-li;  55:1;  112:2; 

112:10;  112:41;  134:2 
Sirum:  Si-ru-um;  15:3 
Sizi:  Si-zi-i;  106:1 

Sili- : Si-li- ; 22:1 

Sili-ilAdad:  Si-li-ilIM ; 113:4;  149:7 
SiliA'Damkina:  Si-li  ( S il i ) -il Darn-ki-na; 
54:1;  92:4 

Sili-ilusu:  Si-li-AN-su;  82:19 
Sili-uSama§:  Si-li-ilUD;  33:11;  49:3; 

77:8;  94:3;  110:3 
Sili-Urra:  Sili-Ur-ra;  127:7 
ilSiru-qarrad:  ilSIR-qar-ra-ad;  39:3 

ilSamas- ; 49:19 

ilSamas-dinam-idi:  ll  U D-d i-nam-i-d i;  4:7 
liSamas-edu:  ilUD-e?-du?-u;  101:14 
ilSamas-hasir:  ilU D-ha-si-ir ; 9:11;  19:3; 
20:3;  28:3;  51:3;  51:17;  58:3;  99:3; 
103:2;  137:3;  142:3 
ilSamas-igmil:  ilUD-ig-mil;  37:4 


1 In  BE  Vol.  VI,  Part  2,  No.  33,  line  5 (Rev.)  the  same  verbal  element  appears  in  the 
name  I-li-i-qu-lam,  which  Poebel  read  Ili-ibasar  = “Sin  will  loosen.”  The  tablet  as  well  as 

the  case  read  plainly  Ili-iqulam.  The  meaning  probably  is  “my  god  (or  in  the  above  case, 
Sin)  has  paid  attention  to  me.” 


34 


YALE  ORIENTAL  SERIES,  BABYLONIAN  TEXTS 


ilSamas-ilu:  ilUD-AN;  124:7. 
ilSamas-lamazasu:  ilU D-la-ma-za-su ; 
84:3 

ilSamas-liwir:  ilUD-li-wi-ir;  38:19;  70:1; 
121:5 

US amas-ma : llU D-ma- ; 

115:3 

il Samas-magir : ilU D-ma-gir ; 9:3 
ilSamas-malik:  llUD-ma-lik;  144:25 
ilSamas-mubalit:  il  UD-mu-ba-li-it;  1 6 :9 ; 
27:3 

ilSamas-nasir:  a UD-na-si-ir ; 19:23;  19: 

26;  29:3;  44:8;  113:7 
ilSamas-rabi:  ilUD-ra-bi;  12:13 
ilSamas-re’utim:  il  U D-re' u-Li-i-im  (? ) ; 

6:5 

Sarrum-klma-ilu:  Sar-rum-ki-ma-AN ; 
95 :6 

Sattia:  Sa-at-ti-ia;  133:15 

Sib-ilAdad:  Si-ib-ilIM;  41:3 

Seib-UI) Sin:  Se-ibJil)EN  ZU;  48:3;  105: 

7;  105:23;  112:4;  134:4 
Suit:  Su-li;  97 :8 

ilSulpae-bani:  tlSul-pa- UD  DU -ba-ni; 

34:6 

Sumi-ahia:  Su-mi-a-hi-ia;  27:1;  105:1 
Sumum-libsi:  Su-mu-um-li-ib-si;  8:3 
Sunatum:  Su-na-tum;  92:3 
Sunum-ilu:  Su-nu-um-AN;  8:1 


Sut . . .bil : Su-ut- .... -bil- . . . . ; 49 :20 

T aktisu  ( PNf ) : Ta-ak-ti-su;  112:11 
Taribatum:  Ta-ri-ba-tum;  7:6;  42:2 
Tisanatum:  T i-sa-na-tum;  50 :3 
Ubarrum:  U -bar-rum;  83:1 
Udbalnamhe:  Ud-bal-nam-he;  63:22 
Ummi-naditum:  V m-mi-na-di-tum;  50:5 
Ummitasu:  Um-mi-ta-su;  17:25 
Urra-gamil:  Ur-ra-ga-mil;  21 :3 
U rra-ispiel:  Ur-ra-is-pi-el;  67 :3 
Utul-Istar:  U-tul-Istar;  63:25 
Uzibitum:  U-zi-bi-tum;  33:5 
War ad-Sin:  WARAD-EN  ZU;  f.  of 

Ilusu-ibisu:  25:5;  f.  of  Abu-waqar; 

148:10;  148:17 

Warad-ilSamas:  WARAD-ilUD;  2:2; 

79:3;  114:1 

W atar-’Samas:  W a-tar-il UD;  10:1;  34 : 

1;  40:3;  101:1;  114:3;  129:4 
ilZamamd-ilu:  ilZa-ma-md-AN ; 86:5 
Zihd:  Zi-ha-a;  43:1 
Ziatum:  Zi-ia-tum ; 84:1;  118:1 
Zizia:  Zi-zi-ia;  146:1 
..'...  ,-ba-nu;  122:1 

-i-li;  48:7 

....  -ip-pa? - ; 30 :3 

. . . ,-saf-na-A-a;  33:1 
. . . .-rif-Sin;  84:4 
-zi-.  . . .;  122:3 


B.  List  of  Countries,  Cities,  Villages,  Walls,  Rivers 

and  Canals. 

Adab  (UD .NUN)U,  19:22;  51:6  | dluki  Ddmiq-ilisu,  130:20 

aluki  Ahanuta,  112:33;  112:43  | dluDibubuki,  118:7 

Amurrum,  118:10  DUG.GARki,  32:5;  51:27;  52:12;  52: 

Bdbili (KA  . DINGIR . RA)ki,  25 :3 ; 123:  21;  52:35;  117:21;  117:22;  124:17; 

13  140:19 


H.  F.  LUTZ— EARLY  BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  FROM  LARSA  35 


Dur-Assabaki,  150:22 
Dur-gurgurri  ( BAD.URUDU .- 
NAGAR)ki,  39:6 
Dur-Simmurum,  150:18 
Dur-Sin-mubalit,  2:15 
Edina,  152:13 
dluGar-ilSamaski,  128:9 

Ik? ibki,  85:5 

Jamutbaliim),  49:12;  134:11 

Kdr-ilSamas,  144:5 

«uKiSki,  4:18;  118:5 

Lagas (SIR  PUR. LA )ki,  47:7 

Larsa(UD . UNU)ki,  56:7;  89:3;  94:6; 

104:9;  129:13;  132:8;  143:7 
dluManum-ki[ma-X],  132:11 
uMarduk-rdimiki,  51:21 

C.  Nair 

Abd:  aA-ba-a 

PN:  Martu-ilAbd 
A dad:  ilIM 

41:4;  94:6;  131:  seal 

PN:  Adad-ra , -rim-ili,  -eris, 

-sar-ili,  -sarrum;  Abil-,  Awil-, 
Ibni-,  Idin-,  Mannum-kima-, 
Mar-,  Nur-,  Rim-,  Sili-Adad 
Aia:  (ll)A-a 
64:4 

PN:  Ahum-, ...  .sana- Aa 
Amurrum:  ilMAR.TU 

PN:  Amurrum-ibnisu;  Abi-,  Abil-, 
I din- A murru  m 

Amurrum  ilka:  ilMAR . TU  il-ka 
1:5;  1:37;  38:2 
Anu:  ilA-nu 

PN:  il Anu-mubalit 


Nar-ilAdad,  130:3 
Ndr-me-Ellilla,  83:13 
Qisra-'lEa,  110:4 
Rabikumki,  12:6;  12:11 
&luRahabuki,  150:15 

Sippar (UD.  KIB . N UN) ki,  117:8;  117: 
10;  117:26;  144:9 

SA-malahuki,  (SA-MA  .DU .DUki),  3:5 
Sagda-inpd{ki) , 140:10;  140:18 
dlukiSarara,  150:23 
Tubisikki(?),  2:17 

Tublias(ES  .NUN . NA)ki,  127:14;  143: 
6;  143:9 

Z amu-alhaduki , 117:17;  117:19;  117: 

23 

kar?-lik-kuki , 62 : 1 4 

of  Gods. 

Bau:  ilBa-u 

PN:  AbiWBau 
Bas:  Ba-as 

PN:  Ba-as-ilu 
Dagan:  ilDa-gan 
133:3 

PN:  Imgur-il Dagan 
Damkina:  ilDam-ki-na 
PN:  Sili-il Damkina 
Ea:  E-a  ( ilE-a ) 

PN:  Ea-sulul-su,  -gamil,  - iribam f 
-nasir,  -sarram,  -sili;  Awil-,  Ibni-, 
Idin-,  Hi-,  Ini-,  Libit-Ea 
Enlil:  Enlil-la 
83:13 

Ezinu:  ilSE.TER 
112:5;  134:5 
Galgalla:  Gdl-gdl-la 
1:5;  1:37 


36 


YALE  ORIENTAL  SERIES,  BABYLONIAN  TEXTS 


Gula:  ilGu-la 

PN:  Nabi-ilGula 
Hamutam:  il  Hamutam 
PN : il Hamutam 
Hani:  ilHa-ni 

PN:  ilHani-musalim 
Ilabrat:  il NIN.SUBUR 
48:4;  132:4 
PA:  Ibi-'1  Ilabrat 

Il-Istar  (or  ASirta)  ="nnDjr^K,  mapy-to; 
1:5;  1:37 

Istar:  Istar,  ( uIstar ) 

43:4 

PN:  Istar-sumu;  Awil-,  Ibku-, 

Kurdi-,  Mar-,  Utul-Istar 
Lugal-banda : il Lugal-mar-da 
138:4 

M arduk : ilA MAR  .UD 

2:3;  6:4;  11:3;  14:4;  19:26;  25:4; 
30:4;  31:4;  38:6;  42:3;  46:5;  52: 
3;  62:4;  62:9;  68:4;  70:4;  71:4; 
78:3;  79:4;  81:4;  82:3;  97:4;  98: 
4;  105:4;  106:4;  109:4;  117:4; 
119:4;  123:4;  125:3;  127:4;  139: 
4;  142:4;  144:3;  146:4;  148:4; 
151:4 

PN : M arduk- , -bani,  -la- 

mazasu,  -mustal,  - musalim , 
-nasir,  -rahi.  . Etelpt-,  Lumur- 
sa-,  Risa-ilM arduk 
Nabium:  ilN a-bi-um 
38:2 

PN : N abium-mdlik ; -waqar; 
Awil-,  Etel-pi-N abium 
Nana:  ilNa-na-a 

PN:  Idin-ilNana 


Nannar:  ilSESki 

PN:  Awat-,  Awel-il Nannar 
Nergal:  ilNE .UNU .GAL 

21:4;  39:4;  72:4;  114:4;  129:1; 
150:3 

Ningirsu:  ilNin-gir-su 
126:5 

N ingiszida : UN i n-gis-zi-da 
PN:  ILN ingiszida 
Ninuba.  . . . : il Ni-nu-ba- . . . . 

61:4 

Sin:  EN . ZU,  ilEN  ZU,  XXX 

32:5;  32:8;  52:13;  52:22;  52:28; 
63:4;  103:35 

PN:  Sin- ; -aba,  -abu- 

kullim,  -abum,  -aiabas,  -bel-ili, 
-bilah,  -dursu,  -eribam,  -eris, 

-galdu,  -gdmil,  -i , -idinnam, 

-ilisu,  -iqisam,  -iqulam,  -ilu,  -is- 
meanni,  -imguranni,  -ippalzam, 

-ituram,  -itasu,  -li , -link, 

-mdgir,  -mdlik,  -manse,  -mailu, 
-muballit,  -musalim,  -mustal, 
-nada,  -nation,  wedu,  -rabi, 
-rimeni,  -samuh,  -sarrum,  -taiar, 
-tium,  -uzili;  Abil-,  Eribam-,  Ibi-, 
Igmil-,  Eitiir-,  Lustamar-,  Nabi-, 
Seib-,  Warad-S  in 
Samas:  ilUD 

1:5;  1:37;  2:3;  3:4;  5:4;  6:4;  7:4; 
8:4;  9:4;  10:4;  11:3;  13:5;  14:4; 
15:4;  17:4;  18:3;  19:4;  20:4;  21: 
4;  25:4;  26:4;  27:4;  28:4;  30:4; 
31:4;  33:4;  34:3;  35:4;  36:4; 
38:6;  39:4;  40:4;  41:4;  42:3;  46: 
5;  47:4;  48:4;  51:4;  52:3;  53:4; 


H.  F.  LUTZ— EARLY  BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  FROM  LARSA  37 


54:5;  55:3;  58:4;  60:4;  61:4;  62: 
4;  62:9;  63:4;  64:4;  66:4;  68:4; 
69:4;  70:4;  71:4;  75:4;  78:3;  79: 
4;  80:4;  81:4;  82:3;  85:4;  87:4; 
88:4;  89:4;  92:8;  97:4;  98:4;  99: 
4;  101:4;  102:6;  103:3;  104:4; 

105:4;  106:4;  107:4;  109:4;  112: 
5;  114:4;  117:4;  119:4;  120:4; 

122:4;  123:4;  125:3;  126:1;  126: 
5;  127:4;  129:5;  129:10;  131:4; 
132:4;  133:3;  134:5;  137:4;  138: 
4;  139:4;  142:4;  143:4;  144:3; 

146:4;  148:4;  150:3;  151:4 

PN:  Samas- , -dinam-idi, 

-edu,  -hasir,  -gdmil,  -ilu,  -lama- 

zasu,  -liwir,  -ma , -magir, 

-malik,  -mubalit,  -nasir,  -rabi, 


-re'utim;  Abil-,  Hadi-amer-,  Ibi-, 
Mannum-kima-,  Nabi-,  $ili-, 
War  ad-,  Watar-Samas 
Sulpae : ilS UL.PA.UD.DU 
PN:  Sulpae-bani 
Siru:  '’SIR 

PN:  Siru-qarrad 

TAK  esara:  il TAK  E.SA.RA  15 :4 
Tispak:  ilTispak 
143:4;  143:6 
Urra:  Ur-ra 

PN:  Urra-gdmil,  ispiel;  I din,  KA- 
sa-Urra 

Zamdmd:  ilZa-ma-md 
43:4 

PN:  Zamdmd-ilu;  Lustamar-Za- 
marnd 


LIST  OF  LETTERS. 


Text  No. 

Addressed  to 

Sent  by 

Catalog  YBC 

1 

Sin-mdgir 

Ibhu-Istar  u Sin-ituram 

4519 

2 

Ahum-waqar  u Abil-llSamas 

Warad-lSamas 

5458 

3 

u 

Lumur-sa-lMarduk 

5465 

4 

Sin-eribam 

Sin-mdgir 

5474 

5 

Nur-llSamas 

Sin-bel-ablim 

6135 

6 

Sin-idinnam 

1 lM  arduk-musalim 

4527 

7 

Bala 

Kubbutia 

4541 

8 

Sunum-ilu 

Sumum-libsi 

4540 

9 

Sin-iribam 

tl Samas-mdgir 

6123 

10 

Watar-llSamas 

Ilusu-ibnisu 

4559 

11 

Nabi-llSa[mas ] 

llMarduk-[nasir\ 

4546 

12 

Sin-li 

Ili-rdbi 

5459 

13 

Nabi-llGula  u Balmunamhe 

Sin-aiabas 

6129 

14 

Na[bi-ilSamas ] 

’ lM  arduk-na[sir] 

7012 

15 

Elmesum 

Sirum 

4516 

16 

Belitia 

Sin-abum 

4523 

17 

Dadd 

Iluma-ilie 

4564 

18 

''A  nu-mubalit 

Ea-sulul-su 

4579 

19 

Sin-eris  u Ibi-Sin 

tlSamas-hasir 

5589 

20 

Belsunu 

llSamas-hasir 

7062 

21 

Bella  . 

U rra-gdmil 

4505 

22 

Sili- 

Gim[illu]m 

5470 

23 

Sin-iqisam, 

Nur-ilAdad 

4529 

24 

KA-sa-Urra 

Gati-iluma 

5461 

25 

Muhaddum 

daianemeS  Bdbilikl 

5463 

26 

Bell 

Ili-ippalzam 

4554 

27 

Sumi-ahia 

llSamas-mubalit 

5460 

28 

Belsunu 

lISamas-hdsir 

4545 

29 

Awil-ilu 

ll  Samas-nasir 

5472 

30 

ilAdad-ra 

lb- 

6127 

31 

Kunna 

Muhuski 

4568 

32 

Lustamar-1  Zamamd  u Belanum 

Hammurabi 

4521 

33 

. . . ,-saf-na-Aia 

Dapinum 

4569 

34 

Wotar-llSamas 

Sin-mustal 

4510 

35 

Awil-llAdad 

Abil-llSamas 

4560 

36 

Abia 

Aba 

4534 

37 

Igmil-Sin  u Sin-talar 

llSamas-gdmil 

5592 

(38) 


H.  F.  LUTZ — EAR LY  BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  FROM  LARSA  39 


Text  No. 

Addressed  to 

Sent  by 

Catalog  YBC 

38 

[Awtjlim 

Ibi-‘lIlabrat 

4587 

39 

Abum-waqar 

llSiru-qarrad 

5591 

40 

Inbi-ilisu 

W atar-1'  Samas 

4518 

41 

Add 

Sib-llAdad 

4508 

42 

Sabiria 

Taribatum 

4566 

43 

Zihd 

Sin-idinnam 

4583 

44 

Eriri 

Nabi-llSin 

4507 

45 

Idinnam 

Sin- 

4577 

46 

Awilim 

tlMarduk-bdni 

6119 

47 

Ini-lSin 

ll  Sin-imguranni 

5588 

48 

Lalutum 

Seib-Sin 

4562 

49 

Belia 

Sili-lSamas 

6141 

50 

Munawirum 

Tisanatum 

6131 

51 

Belsunu 

ll  Samas-hdsir 

4550 

52 

Bel[t]i 

Munawirum 

7015 

53 

u Irzia 

Nabi-  1 Samas 

6998 

54 

Sili-lDamkina  u Ilusu-bdni 

Libur-saduni 

6124 

55 

Sin-uzili 

Dadd 

7042 

56 

Sin-iqisam 

Nur-llAdad 

4548 

57 

I lu-da 

A wil-tlNabium 

5466 

58 

Belsunu 

ll  Samas-hdsir 

6126 

59 

Bella 

Sarnia 

5469 

60 

ll Anu-mubalit 

Ea-sulul-su 

6125 

61 

Ummia 

Iltani 

4501 

62 

Awilim 

Awil-lIEa 

4572 

63 

Sin-nada 

Libit 

6133 

64 

Sin-ismeanni 

Sabitum 

4580 

65 

Sin-iqisam 

Sin-rabi 

5467 

66 

Belsunu 

Kurdi-Istar 

4514 

67 

Sin-musalim 

Urra-ispiel 

4585 

68 

Ibni-lAdad 

Awil-llNa[bium\ 

4563 

69 

Ibku-Istar 

Ili-ippalzam 

4567 

70 

ll  Samas-liwir 

Ili-iqisam 

4515 

71 

Awilia 

Etel-pi-lN abium 

4556 

72 

Abia 

Sin-eris 

4509 

73 

Ibia 

Ahum-Aia 

4531 

74 

Sin-iqisam 

Sin-idinnam 

4543 

75 

Martu-lAba 

Ilusu-ibnisu 

4544 

76 

Muhaddum 

llMarduk-musalim 

7022 

77 

Ili-mutir  u Ea-sili 

Balmunamhe 

5462 

78 

Belia 

Sin-gamil 

5471 

79 

Abil-llSamas  u madutim 

Warad-1  Samas  u Karnnia 

7010 

80 

Kulira.  . . . 

Sin-galdu 

4506 

81 

Baba 

Munawirum 

5468 

82 

Belia 

Sin-idinnam 

4520 

40 

YALE  ORIENTAL  SERIES 

\,  BABYLONIAN  TEXTS 

Text  No. 

Addressed  to 

Sent  by 

Catalog  YBC 

83 

Ubarrum 

Amel-1  Nannar 

7060 

84 

Zijatum 

llSamas-lamazasu 

4524 

85 

Belsunu 

[ll Samas-hdsir] 

5050 

86 

Sin-rimeni  u Abu-waqar 

llZamdma-ilu 

6121 

87 

Nabi-ilSamas 

ll  Adad-rim-ili 

4542 

88 

[I]din-Ea 

Sin-eris 

4512 

89 

Ablum 

Mdr-Larsakl 

4565 

90 

Belia 

Abi-asat 

4537 

91 

Sin-[i]qisam 

[. Nur-llAdad ] 

4530 

92 

Sin-samuh  llA  dad-sarrum  Sunatum 
Sili-llDamkina  u madutim 

Ginnllum 

6138 

93 

Abia  u belia 

Idin-tlAdad 

4552 

94 

Belia 

Sili-llSamas 

6122 

95 

Ani-lumur  Abil-1 Amur  rum  Awil- 
Istar  u madutim 

Sarruni-kima-ili  u Sin-lirik 

6132 

96 

Balmenamhi 

Eiku-1  ? 

4551 

97 

Sabinni 

Sin-samuh  u madutim 

4525 

98 

llMarduk-mus[tal ] 

llMarduk-musalim 

4513 

99 

Belsunu 

a Samas-hdsir 

4579 

100 

Arndt-1  Nannar 

Lalatum 

6140 

101 

Watar-lSamas 

Dadaba 

7011 

102 

Munawirum 

Sin-sarrum  Abil-jatum  u Idinnam  6139 

103 

Belsunu 

%l Samas-hdsir 

6835 

104 

Ku 

7008 

105 

Sumi-ahia 

llN abium-mdlik 

4570 

106 

Sizi  u Attia 

Ibiq-ndr-kimhi 

4581 

107 

Bds-ilu 

Ilusu-ndsir 

7063 

108 

Ea-gamil 

Sin-mailu 

6128 

109 

Akilme's  Amurrim,  akil.  . . 

Rabianum  u sibut  dlimkl 

5590 

110 

111 

Belia 

Sili-lSamas 

4526 

6120 

112 

Dadd  u llSin-uzili 

Seib-zlSin 

5489 

113 

Nur-lSamas  Awil-lAdad  Sin-bilah 
Sili-aAdad  u PA. NAM.  U.  UDme° 

( —madutim ?) 

llSamas-ndsir 

4549 

114 

W a ra d-  lSamas 

Watar-llSamas 

5464 

115 

llSamas-rna 

4528 

116 

Idin-XJrra 

Sin-magir 

4533 

117 

Awilim 

Elmestum 

4538 

118 

Zijatmn 

rl Sin-manse 

4571 

119 

Avnlim 

llMarduk-ndsir 

4558 

120 

Sin-samuh 

Etel-pi-llMarduk 

7061 

121 

Idin-XJrra 

Sin-magir 

4532 

122 

banu 

zi 

4535 

123 

Belavmn 

Munawirum 

6137 

H.  F.  LUTZ— EARLY  BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  FROM  LARSA  41 


Text  No. 

Addressed  to 

Sent  by 

Catalog  YI 

124 

Ahu-waqar 

Aliuni 

4557 

125 

Nabi-lSamas 

llMarduk-nasir 

4536 

126 

Avoilim 

Ili-iqisam 

4573 

127 

Nabi-llSarnas 

llMarduk-nasir 

6130 

128 

Idin-Urra 

Sin-magir 

4575 

129 

AB.AB.UL 

Watar-llSamas 

4561 

130 

Surim 

4553 

131 

*co 

* 

S- 

<80 

1 

ll Sin-rimeni 

5473 

132 

Ibi-llSamas 

Eribam-Sin 

4586 

133 

Abia 

4513 

134 

Dadd  u llSin-uzili 

Seib-llSin 

4522 

135 

Ili-ippalzam 

Hazirum  (?) 

6833 

136 

Sin-iqisam 

I din-Sin 

6997 

137 

Belsunu 

dSamas-hasir 

7014 

138 

Eku-Urra 

Imgur-lDagan 

6999 

139 

Dan-ilu  u Inbi-Sin 

Sani 

4582 

140 

Bella 

Awil-ilu 

6136 

141 

Ilu-abia 

Abil-llAdad 

4578 

142 

Belsunu 

llSamas-hasir 

4574 

143 

Arium-waqar  u Abil-llSamas 

Ibkusa 

4555 

144 

Nabi-llSamas 

llMarduk-ndsir 

7013 

145 

Pirhuni 

7016 

146 

Zizia 

Ili-idinnam 

7006 

147 

Ista 

Mar-Istar 

6836 

148 

Attu 

Abu-waqar 

7002 

149 

Abu-waqar 

Ahu-waqar 

7007 

150 

Bill 

Sin-musalim 

6134 

151 

Sabiria 

Sin-itasu 

7059 

152 

KA-sa-I star 

Iranum 

4504 

AUTOGRAPHED  TEXTS 


PLATE  I 


1 


PLATE  II 


PLATE  III 


PLATE  V 


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PLATE  VI 


16 


PLATE  VII 


PLATE  VI  i I 


19 


PLATE  IX 


PLATE  X 


27 


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PLATE  XI 


PLATE  EX  I! 


33 


PLATE  XIII 


34  35 


PLATE  X ! V 


PLATE  XV 


39 


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PLATE  XVI 


/ 


PLATE  XVI 


42 


PLATE  XVII! 


44 


46 


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PLATE  XIX 


PLATE  XX 


49 


PLATE  XXI 


50 

A A. 


51 


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PLATE  XXII 


5 2 


PLATE  XXI 1 1 


PLATE  XXIV 


57  58 


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PLATE  XXV 


PLATE  XXVII 


PLATE  XXVIII 


PLATE  XXIX 


79 


80 


by  scribe. 


MW 


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PLATE  XXX 


82 


PLATE  XXXI 


PLATE  XXXII 


85 


PLATE  XXX 111 


87 


PLATE  XXXiV 


PLATE  XXXV 


96 


PLATE  XXXVI 


97 


PLATE  XXXVI 


100 


101 


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102 


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PLATE  XXXV 11 1 


U.  E. 


L.  E. 


104 


PLATE  XXXIX 


Lo. 


v — K> 


105  106 

IKNT  a IT^T 

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sipfegfi 

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PLATE  XL 


109  110 


PLATE  XLI 


112 


PLATE  XLI1 


113 


114 


PLATE  XU  1 1 


117 


PLATE  XL  IV 


118 


PLATE  XLV 


121  124 


PLATE  XLVI 


126  127 


PLATE  XLVII 


130 


131 


133 


PLATE  XLV1II 


134  135 


PLATE  XLIX 


137  138 


PLATE  L 


0. 


PLATE  LI 


144 


PLATE  LI! 


147  148 


PLATE  L!  1 1 


149 


150 


U.  E. 

25 


. 


PLATE  LIV 


151 


PLATE  LV 


152 


PLATE  LVI 


ENVELOPE  AND  TABLET  (OBVERSE  AND 
END)  OF  A LETTER  CONTAINING  THE 
NAME  ABRAHAM  (TEXT  NO.  15) 


UPPER:  LETTER  OF  HAMMURABI  (AMRA- 
PHEL  OF  GENESIS)  (TEXT  NO.  32) 

LOWER:  UNOPENED  CASE  TABLET  AD- 
DRESSED TO  IBIQ-EA,  SHOWING  SEAL 
IMPRESSION  OF  THE  SENDER 


PLATE  LVII 


TWO  SIDES  OF  A CASE  TABLET  WITH  UPPER:  THE  TABLET  OF  THE  SAME  RE- 
SEAL IMPRESSIONS  (TEXT  NO.  147)  MOVED  FROM  THE  ENVELOPE 


LOWER:  LETTER  (TEXT  NO.  1) 


